La contratación pública en Colombia por medios electrónicos y cibernéticos como mecanismo dinamizador del actuar estatal
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Ferrer Pájaro, Leopoldo Manuel
Sarmiento Julio, Frank Heinz
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación pretende describir la evolución de la contratación estatal en Colombia a través de medios electrónicos y cibernéticos, para analizar a los mismos como mecanismos dinamizadores de la contratación pública, tomando como referencia los avances que ha tenido la misma en la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías, buscando sus fortalezas y debilidades en la gestión de la información y el proceder de los partícipes de la contratación pública en el uso de los medios electrónicos y cibernéticos, partiendo de que las tecnologías de la
información y comunicación (TIC) han representado un recurso invaluable en el desarrollo de la contratación pública en Colombia, toda vez que con esta se han logrado grandes avances en los procesos contractuales, tales como minoración de los costos, eficiencia operativa, resistencia de brechas física, entre otros. Es así, como lo medios electrónicos dieron paso a la creación de portales virtuales para la concreción de las etapas precontractuales, contractuales y postcontractuales, dando génesis al Sistema Electrónico para la Contratación Pública (SECOP).
Se planteará que los medios electrónicos y la cibernética han constituido para la contratación estatal mecanismos dinamizadores de la misma, fraccionando así la antigua contratación estatal rígida que se caracterizaba por ser extremadamente ritualista, pasando a ser una contratación más simplificada, eficaz y transparente, por lo que la contratación por medios electrónicos se ha convertido en una herramienta que agiliza el intercambio de bienes y servicios entre oferentes y entidades estatales, cumpliendo en todo momento con la normatividad reglamentaria de la contratación pública. Seguidamente, conviene entonces el análisis del dinamismo que ofrecen los medios electrónicos a la contratación estatal en Colombia, si son estos los únicos que ofrecen estas bondades, incursionar en la verificación de la posibilidad de que el actuar estatal en la contratación pública cobije el uso del ciberespacio como una herramienta más amplia para la ejecución del actuar estatal en la contratación pública, por lo que consideramos analizar los aspectos legales, factores positivos y negativos de las plataformas de la contratación pública en su forma y contenido.
En consecuencia, consideramos relevante analizar e investigar el desarrollo de la contratación estatal por medios electrónicos y cibernéticos en el marco internacional para efectuar un marco comparativo de los avances que se han generado en Colombia con otros países de Latinoamérica, en el régimen de la Unión Europea y Estados Unidos.
Por lo anterior adentramos esta investigación al estudio del marco histórico legal de la contratación pública en Colombia, el valor que se le ha otorgado a los documentos electrónicos, el incremento del comercio electrónico, análisis del régimen de contratación desde el derecho comparado, la ventaja y desventajas de la contratación estatal por medios electrónicos y la cibernética, finalizando con los presupuestos de eficacia y transparencia en la contratación estatal.
This research aims to describe the evolution of government procurement in Colombia through electronic and cybernetic means, in order to analyze them as dynamic mechanisms of public procurement, taking as a reference the progress made in the implementation of new technologies, seeking their strengths and weaknesses in the management of information and the actions of the participants in public procurement in the use of electronic and cybernetic means, The information and communication technologies (ICT) have been an invaluable resource in the development of public procurement in Colombia, since they have made great advances in the contractual processes, such as cost reduction, operational efficiency, resistance to physical gaps, among others. Thus, the electronic media gave way to the creation of virtual portals for the completion of the pre-contractual, contractual and post-contractual stages, giving rise to the Electronic System for Public Procurement (SECOP). It will be stated that the electronic media and cybernetics have constituted for the state contracting dynamic mechanisms, thus fractioning the old rigid state contracting that was characterized by being extremely ritualistic, becoming a more simplified, efficient and transparent contracting, so that the contracting by electronic means has become a tool that streamlines the exchange of goods and services between bidders and state entities, complying at all times with the regulatory standards of public procurement. Next, it is convenient to analyze the dynamism that electronic means offer to the state contracting in Colombia, if they are the only ones that offer these benefits, to verify the possibility that the state action in public procurement covers the use of cyberspace as a broader tool for the execution of the state action in public procurement, so we consider analyzing the legal aspects, positive and negative factors of the platforms of public procurement in its form and content. Consequently, we consider it relevant to analyze and investigate the development of government contracting by electronic and cybernetic means in the international framework in order to make a comparative framework of the advances that have been generated in Colombia with other Latin American countries, in the European Union and the United States. For the above reasons, this research will study the historical legal framework of public procurement in Colombia, the value that has been given to electronic documents, the increase of electronic commerce, analysis of the procurement regime from the comparative law, the advantages and disadvantages of government procurement by electronic means and cybernetics, ending with the assumptions of efficiency and transparency in government procurement.
This research aims to describe the evolution of government procurement in Colombia through electronic and cybernetic means, in order to analyze them as dynamic mechanisms of public procurement, taking as a reference the progress made in the implementation of new technologies, seeking their strengths and weaknesses in the management of information and the actions of the participants in public procurement in the use of electronic and cybernetic means, The information and communication technologies (ICT) have been an invaluable resource in the development of public procurement in Colombia, since they have made great advances in the contractual processes, such as cost reduction, operational efficiency, resistance to physical gaps, among others. Thus, the electronic media gave way to the creation of virtual portals for the completion of the pre-contractual, contractual and post-contractual stages, giving rise to the Electronic System for Public Procurement (SECOP). It will be stated that the electronic media and cybernetics have constituted for the state contracting dynamic mechanisms, thus fractioning the old rigid state contracting that was characterized by being extremely ritualistic, becoming a more simplified, efficient and transparent contracting, so that the contracting by electronic means has become a tool that streamlines the exchange of goods and services between bidders and state entities, complying at all times with the regulatory standards of public procurement. Next, it is convenient to analyze the dynamism that electronic means offer to the state contracting in Colombia, if they are the only ones that offer these benefits, to verify the possibility that the state action in public procurement covers the use of cyberspace as a broader tool for the execution of the state action in public procurement, so we consider analyzing the legal aspects, positive and negative factors of the platforms of public procurement in its form and content. Consequently, we consider it relevant to analyze and investigate the development of government contracting by electronic and cybernetic means in the international framework in order to make a comparative framework of the advances that have been generated in Colombia with other Latin American countries, in the European Union and the United States. For the above reasons, this research will study the historical legal framework of public procurement in Colombia, the value that has been given to electronic documents, the increase of electronic commerce, analysis of the procurement regime from the comparative law, the advantages and disadvantages of government procurement by electronic means and cybernetics, ending with the assumptions of efficiency and transparency in government procurement.
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Palabras clave
Contratación pública electrónica, SECOP, Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, Medios electrónicos y cibernéticos
