Evitación experiencial y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: un modelo predictivo en adultos hospitalizados por consumo problemático en la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Sequeda Sanabria, Zuly Gabriela
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar en qué medida la evitación experiencial, en interacción con
variables sociodemográficas y psicológicas, predice el nivel y el riesgo de consumo
de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en adultos hospitalizados por consumo
problemático en un contexto clínico especializado en salud mental de la ciudad de
Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. El estudio se enmarca en la necesidad de
comprender los mecanismos psicológicos que contribuyen al mantenimiento y la
cronificación del consumo en contextos caracterizados por vulnerabilidad social,
inequidad estructural y limitado acceso a servicios de salud mental, particularmente
en regiones fronterizas del país.
Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo
predictivo, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal, en el paradigma
empírico-analítico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 112 adultos hospitalizados
por consumo problemático de SPA en una institución especializada en salud mental,
seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicaron
instrumentos estandarizados y validados para la medición de las variables de
interés: el Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ-15) y el Acceptance
and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) para evaluar evitación experiencial e
inflexibilidad psicológica; y el Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) junto con el
Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) para
evaluar el nivel y el riesgo de consumo de SPA. El análisis de datos incluyó
procedimientos psicométricos, tales como análisis factorial exploratorio y
confirmatorio, así como análisis bivariados, regresiones logísticas y modelos de
ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Se verificaron los supuestos estadísticos y se
emplearon criterios de ajuste robustos, incluyendo el índice de ajuste comparativo
(CFI), el error cuadrático medio de aproximación (RMSEA) y el residuo cuadrático
medio estandarizado (SRMR).
Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que la evitación experiencial constituye
un predictor significativo tanto del nivel como del riesgo de consumo problemático
de sustancias psicoactivas. Se identificaron asociaciones consistentes entre altos
niveles de evitación experiencial, presencia de sintomatología emocional,
especialmente ansiedad, y mayor severidad del consumo, con particular énfasis en
sustancias como la cocaína y los opiáceos. La evitación experiencial explicó un
porcentaje sustancial de la varianza en el consumo, incluso al controlar variables
clínicas y sociodemográficas relevantes. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales
presentó índices de ajuste adecuados (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.04), así como
coeficientes de regresión estadísticamente significativos (β = 0.576 para evitación
experiencial). Adicionalmente, la edad y la fase del tratamiento se asociaron de
manera inversa con el nivel de consumo, mientras que la ansiedad mostró una
relación negativa con la evitación experiencial, lo que sugiere posibles
particularidades clínicas y adaptativas propias de la población hospitalizada
evaluada.
Objective: To determine the extent to which experiential avoidance, in interaction with sociodemographic and psychological variables, predicts the level and risk of psychoactive substance use (PSU) among adults hospitalized for problematic substance use in a specialized mental health clinical setting in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. This study is framed by the need to understand the psychological mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance and chronicity of substance use in contexts characterized by social vulnerability, structural inequity, and limited access to mental health services, particularly in border regions of the country. Methodology: A quantitative, predictive study was conducted using a nonexperimental, cross-sectional design within the empirical-analytical paradigm. The sample consisted of 112 adults hospitalized for problematic PSU in a specialized mental health institution, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Standardized and validated instruments were administered to assess the variables of interest: the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ-15) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II) to measure experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility; and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) together with the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to assess the level and risk of PSU. Data analysis included psychometric procedures, such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as bivariate analyses, logistic regressions, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical assumptions were verified, and robust model fit criteria were applied, including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). Results: The findings indicated that experiential avoidance constitutes a significant predictor of both the level and risk of problematic psychoactive substance use. Consistent associations were identified between high levels of experiential avoidance, the presence of emotional symptomatology—particularly anxiety—and greater severity of substance use, with a specific emphasis on substances such as cocaine and opioids. Experiential avoidance accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in substance use, even after controlling for relevant clinical and sociodemographic variables. The structural equation model demonstrated adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.04), along with statistically significant regression coefficients (β = 0.576 for experiential avoidance). Additionally, age and treatment phase were inversely associated with the level of substance use, whereas anxiety showed a negative relationship with experiential avoidance, suggesting potential clinical and adaptive particularities within the hospitalized population evaluated.
Objective: To determine the extent to which experiential avoidance, in interaction with sociodemographic and psychological variables, predicts the level and risk of psychoactive substance use (PSU) among adults hospitalized for problematic substance use in a specialized mental health clinical setting in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. This study is framed by the need to understand the psychological mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance and chronicity of substance use in contexts characterized by social vulnerability, structural inequity, and limited access to mental health services, particularly in border regions of the country. Methodology: A quantitative, predictive study was conducted using a nonexperimental, cross-sectional design within the empirical-analytical paradigm. The sample consisted of 112 adults hospitalized for problematic PSU in a specialized mental health institution, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Standardized and validated instruments were administered to assess the variables of interest: the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ-15) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II) to measure experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility; and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) together with the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to assess the level and risk of PSU. Data analysis included psychometric procedures, such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as bivariate analyses, logistic regressions, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical assumptions were verified, and robust model fit criteria were applied, including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). Results: The findings indicated that experiential avoidance constitutes a significant predictor of both the level and risk of problematic psychoactive substance use. Consistent associations were identified between high levels of experiential avoidance, the presence of emotional symptomatology—particularly anxiety—and greater severity of substance use, with a specific emphasis on substances such as cocaine and opioids. Experiential avoidance accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in substance use, even after controlling for relevant clinical and sociodemographic variables. The structural equation model demonstrated adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.04), along with statistically significant regression coefficients (β = 0.576 for experiential avoidance). Additionally, age and treatment phase were inversely associated with the level of substance use, whereas anxiety showed a negative relationship with experiential avoidance, suggesting potential clinical and adaptive particularities within the hospitalized population evaluated.
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Palabras clave
Evitación experiencial, Consumo problemático, Sustancias psicoactivas, Terapias contextuales, Predicción
