Efectos del ejercicio físico en el adulto mayor diagnosticado con sarcopenia: revisión de la literatura
Cargando...
Fecha
2020
Autores
Polo Martínez, Saray Esther
Acosta Varilla, Ana Gabriela
Mejía Amaya, Jhajaira, Valentina
Rojas Duarte, Adriana Marcela
Martínez Álvarez, Robinson David
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La sarcopenia es la pérdida de masa muscular esquelética asociada al envejecimiento, y contribuye en gran medida a la discapacidad y la pérdida de independencia del anciano. Hacer ejercicio de manera moderada y controlada ha demostrado ser una estrategia eficaz para su tratamiento. Objetivos: Examinar la evidencia científica publicada sobre los efectos del ejercicio físico en el adulto mayor diagnosticado con sarcopenia durante los años 2000 a 2020. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre el tema, utilizando como palabras clave sarcopenia, actividad física, adulto mayor, fuerza de agarre, obteniendo finalmente 22 artículos tipo ECA y revisiones sistemáticas que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La información se sistematizó en una tabla Excel que contenía datos como título del artículo, autores, nombre de la revista y año de publicación, objetivo, muestra, medición, intervención y resultados lo cual permitió realizar análisis de frecuencias absolutas y relativas de la información. Resultados: El tipo de ejercicio que más se utilizó fue el de fuerza y fuerza combinado con suplemento nutricional. Los test de mayor uso para evaluar sarcopenia fueron el SPPB, fuerza de agarre y velocidad de la marcha. Los principales efectos positivos se reflejan en la masa y fuerza muscular y en la función física. Conclusiones: Hacer ejercicio de manera moderada y controlada proporciona altas posibilidades de mejoría para la sarcopenia. Actividades como ejercicios de resistencia, equilibrio, flexibilidad e incluso caminar son muy efectivos a la hora de evitar la pérdida de masa muscular esquelética en adultos mayores
Background: Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging, and it contributes greatly to disability and loss of independence in the elderly. Exercising in a moderate and controlled manner has proven to be an effective strategy for its treatment. Objectives: To examine the published scientific evidence on the effects of physical exercise in older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia during the years 2000 to 2020. Materials and Methods: A review of the published literature on the subject was carried out, using sarcopenia, physical activity, elderly, grip strength as keywords, finally obtaining 22 RCT-type articles and systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria. The information was systematized in an Excel table that contained data such as the title of the article, authors, name of the journal and year of publication, objective, sample, measurement, intervention and results, which allowed the analysis of absolute and relative frequencies of the information. Results: The type of exercise that was used the most was strength and strength combined with a nutritional supplement. The most widely used tests to evaluate sarcopenia were the SPPB, grip strength and gait speed. The main positive effects are reflected in muscle mass and strength and in physical function. Conclusions: Exercising in a moderate and controlled manner provides high chances of improvement for sarcopenia. Activities such as resistance exercises, balance, flexibility and even walking are very effective in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults.
Background: Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging, and it contributes greatly to disability and loss of independence in the elderly. Exercising in a moderate and controlled manner has proven to be an effective strategy for its treatment. Objectives: To examine the published scientific evidence on the effects of physical exercise in older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia during the years 2000 to 2020. Materials and Methods: A review of the published literature on the subject was carried out, using sarcopenia, physical activity, elderly, grip strength as keywords, finally obtaining 22 RCT-type articles and systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria. The information was systematized in an Excel table that contained data such as the title of the article, authors, name of the journal and year of publication, objective, sample, measurement, intervention and results, which allowed the analysis of absolute and relative frequencies of the information. Results: The type of exercise that was used the most was strength and strength combined with a nutritional supplement. The most widely used tests to evaluate sarcopenia were the SPPB, grip strength and gait speed. The main positive effects are reflected in muscle mass and strength and in physical function. Conclusions: Exercising in a moderate and controlled manner provides high chances of improvement for sarcopenia. Activities such as resistance exercises, balance, flexibility and even walking are very effective in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sarcopenia, Ancianos, Adulto mayor, Dinamometría, Fuerza de agarre de mano