Análisis de los determinantes sociales y de la salud relacionados con la alimentación y la práctica de actividad física en gestantes y mujeres en periodo de lactancia de dos municipios de Bolívar y en Barranquilla - 2025
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Angarita Vidal, Leila Ester
López Acendra, Jorge Leonardo
Rubiano Santander, Ailyn
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
En el Caribe colombiano, la rápida urbanización, la inseguridad alimentaria y las
brechas de acceso a servicios preventivos han favorecido una doble carga de
malnutrición y sedentarismo en mujeres en edad fértil. Con el fin de describir y
comparar los determinantes sociales y sanitarios asociados a la alimentación y la
actividad física, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en 262
mujeres atendidas por la red pública de Barranquilla y los municipios bolivarenses
de San Estanislao y Soplaviento (141 gestantes y 121 mujeres en periodo de
lactancia). Se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas sobre variables
sociodemográficas, historia obstétrica, cuestionario IPAQ-corto, frecuencia
cualitativa de consumo, escalas de barreras/facilitadores y estadio de cambio;
además se evaluó el estado nutricional mediante peso y talla. El análisis estadístico
incluyó distribución de frecuencias y pruebas χ² para contrastar proporciones. Más
de la mitad de la muestra presentó exceso de peso (32,4 % sobrepeso; 24,8 %
obesidad) y el 72,1 % no cumplió los 150 min/semana recomendados, con
inactividad significativamente mayor en las mujeres en periodo de lactancia (78,5
%) que en gestantes (66,7 %; p = 0,033). El patrón dietario se caracterizó por
consumo diario de arroz (≈ 95 %) y baja ingesta cotidiana de verduras (≈ 50 %) y
pescados (≤ 15 %); una de cada tres mujeres refirió olvidar o no poder costear frutas
y verduras. «Falta de tiempo» y «pereza» fueron las barreras predominantes para
moverse, mientras que «me hacen sentir bien» y «razones de salud» facilitaron
tanto la alimentación como la actividad física. Se concluye que intervenir sobre la
organización del tiempo, la consejería nutricional y la prescripción sistemática de
ejercicio en la atención prenatal y puerperal resulta imperativo para mitigar la carga
cardio metabólica en esta población vulnerable.
Women of reproductive age in Colombia’s Caribbean region face a converging burden of over-nutrition and physical inactivity, driven by urban sprawl, food insecurity and limited preventive services. This descriptive, cross-sectional study analysed the social and health-related determinants of diet and physical activity in 262 women (141 pregnant, 121 lactating) receiving care from public clinics in Barranquilla and the nearby municipalities of San Estanislao and Soplaviento. Structured questionnaires gathered sociodemographic data, obstetric history, short form IPAQ scores, qualitative food-frequency information, perceived barriers and facilitators, and stages of change; weight and height were measured to classify nutritional status. Frequencies and Pearson’s χ² tests were used for statistical comparisons. Overall, 57 % of participants had excess weight (32.4 % overweight; 24.8 % obesity) and 72.1 % failed to meet the guideline of 150 min of moderate activity per week, with inactivity significantly higher among lactating women (78.5 %) than pregnant women (66.7 %; p = 0.033). Dietary patterns were dominated by daily rice intake (~95 %) and low daily consumption of cooked vegetables (~50 %) and fish (≤ 15 %); one in three women reported forgetting or being unable to afford fruits and vegetables. “Lack of time” and “laziness” emerged as the leading barriers to exercise, whereas “feeling good” and “health reasons” were the main facilitators of both healthy eating and movement. The findings underscore the need for context sensitive interventions that integrate time-management strategies, nutrition counselling and routine exercise prescription into prenatal and postnatal care to curb the growing cardiometabolic burden in this vulnerable population.
Women of reproductive age in Colombia’s Caribbean region face a converging burden of over-nutrition and physical inactivity, driven by urban sprawl, food insecurity and limited preventive services. This descriptive, cross-sectional study analysed the social and health-related determinants of diet and physical activity in 262 women (141 pregnant, 121 lactating) receiving care from public clinics in Barranquilla and the nearby municipalities of San Estanislao and Soplaviento. Structured questionnaires gathered sociodemographic data, obstetric history, short form IPAQ scores, qualitative food-frequency information, perceived barriers and facilitators, and stages of change; weight and height were measured to classify nutritional status. Frequencies and Pearson’s χ² tests were used for statistical comparisons. Overall, 57 % of participants had excess weight (32.4 % overweight; 24.8 % obesity) and 72.1 % failed to meet the guideline of 150 min of moderate activity per week, with inactivity significantly higher among lactating women (78.5 %) than pregnant women (66.7 %; p = 0.033). Dietary patterns were dominated by daily rice intake (~95 %) and low daily consumption of cooked vegetables (~50 %) and fish (≤ 15 %); one in three women reported forgetting or being unable to afford fruits and vegetables. “Lack of time” and “laziness” emerged as the leading barriers to exercise, whereas “feeling good” and “health reasons” were the main facilitators of both healthy eating and movement. The findings underscore the need for context sensitive interventions that integrate time-management strategies, nutrition counselling and routine exercise prescription into prenatal and postnatal care to curb the growing cardiometabolic burden in this vulnerable population.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Actividad física, Salud, Estilos de vida saludable, Alimentación saludable, Embarazo, Lactancia
