Afectaciones psicosociales generadas por el duelo migratorio a familias venezolanas residentes del barrio Santa Marta de la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander
Fecha
2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Dentro de los antecedentes, se realizó una revisión documental de investigaciones relevantes relacionadas al duelo migratorio, que brindaran una fundamentación teórica y metodológica, que aportara al trabajo investigativo llevado a cabo y que complementara no solo en métodos, técnicas, metodología, sino en conocimientos propios del tema. Para lo cual, se llevó a cabo un proceso de búsqueda de libros en la biblioteca digital Unisimón, Google académico, entre otros; donde se seleccionaron 3 investigaciones importantes a nivel internacional, nacional y local comprendidas entre el 2018 y 2021. Entre ellos se puede destacar el abordaje del enfoque cualitativo y el diseño fenomenológico. Con sus aportes se pudo obtener una aproximación al problema de investigación, así como fundamentación teórica en torno a los duelos migratorios presentes en los sujetos de en cada una de las investigaciones realizadas respectivamente.
Como objetivo general se planteó: Analizar las afectaciones psicosociales generadas por el duelo migratorio a familias venezolanas residentes del barrio Santa Marta de la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Objetivos específicos: I). Caracterizar las afectaciones psicosociales en las personas venezolanas residentes del barrio Santa Marta de la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. II). Conocer los Duelos migratorios de las familias venezolanas residentes del barrio Santa Marta de la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. III Describir la incidencia de las afectaciones en las Relaciones familiares de los migrantes residentes del barrio Santa Marta de la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte de Santander.
Así mismo la investigación se desarrolló a partir del paradigma interpretativo, desde un enfoque cualitativo y con un diseño fenomenológico. La muestra del proyecto estuvo conformada por cinco (5) participantes migrantes en condición de permanencia del Barrio Santa Marta, provenientes de Venezuela. Entre las técnicas se implementó la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada; así mismo se utilizó el instrumento del diario de campo. Para la aplicación de las técnicas e instrumentos se utilizó un consentimiento informado para los participantes.
Se destacan que los hallazgos fueron expresados en función de Capítulos, el I: Algunas situaciones que pueden afectar el desarrollo físico y nutricional, que además hay migrantes que llegan al país de acogida con unos niveles de salud pero la exposición laboral y la ruta migratoria coloca en deterioro su salud. Del mismo modo las circunstancias sociales como la exclusión social, la inequidad de acceso a los servicios y la vulneración de derechos generaron en las personas migrantes una afectación psicosocial. Por otra parte se evidencio la presencia de síntomas como nostalgia y ansiedad, sentimientos de tristeza e incertidumbre por el mañana y las situaciones a las que se van a enfrentar. Capítulo II: Se evidenció el duelo por la pérdida del status social manifestado en sentimientos de tristeza por los desafíos que deben enfrentar para subsistir, la escasa remuneración, las necesidades presentes y la perdida de todo lo construido en su país de origen. El duelo por riesgos físicos dado por las circunstancias que dejan en riesgo la integridad y el bienestar del migrante entre ellas la xenofobia, la negligencia en la atención en salud, el acoso sexual y la sobre explotación laboral, situaciones presentadas desde que iniciaron su ruta migratoria y que aun vivencian en su proceso de acogida. Capítulo 3: Las familias migrantes mantienen lazos transnacionales, algunos de ellos con su familia nuclear y otros con su familia extensa, por el cual utilizan como medio de contacto principal las redes sociales tales como Facebook y WhatsApp. Algunos de ellos en su fase inicial de la migración tuvieron que dejar atrás sus familiares como esposas, hijos o padres. Sin embargo, ya en estos momentos casi todos lograron traer consigo a sus miembros del núcleo familiar. Por lo cual se puede determinar que no se afectó la dinámica familiar y por lo tanto las relaciones familiares tuvieron un cambio positivo en la vida de ellos pues les permitió fortalecer sus canales de comunicación.
Se puede concluir que las circunstancias sociales generaron en las personas migrantes una afectación psicosocial ya que en su proceso migratorio se tuvieron que enfrentar con situaciones en donde sintieron vulnerados sus derechos, entre ellas la inequidad social en el acceso a los servicios de educación, salud, empleo y remuneración digna. Se concluye además que los duelos más evidentes fueron el duelo por riesgos físicos debido las situaciones y adversidades que colocaron en riesgo su integridad; así como el duelo por el duelo por la pérdida del estatus social puesto que dichas familias reflejan desde su tristeza como han dejado atrás el fruto de sus esfuerzos y todo lo construido en su país de origen y a la vez empezar de cero en un territorio muy diferente. En referencia a las relaciones familiares se puede concluir que la migración no afecto la dinámica interna de los hogares, sino que por el contrario el migrar género que ésta se fortaleciera.
Within the background, a documentary review was made of relevant research related to migration bereavement, providing a theoretical and methodological foundation, to contribute to the research work carried out and to complement not only in methods, techniques, methodology, but in knowledge about the subject. For this, a process of research for books was carried out in the digital library Unisimón, Google Scholar, among others; where 3 important investigations were selected at the international, national and local level between 2018 and 2021. Among these, we can especially highlight the approach focused on the qualitative aspect and phenomenological design. With their contributions, it was possible to obtain an approach to the research problem, as well as a theoretical foundation around the migratory bereavements presented in each of the investigations’ subjects carried out respectively. General objective: To analyze the psychosocial effects generated by the migratory mourning of Venezuelan families living in the Santa Marta neighborhood in the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Specific objectives: I). To characterize the psychosocial effects in the Venezuelan residents of the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. II). To know the migratory bereavements of the Venezuelan families resident in the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. III). Describe the incidence of affectations in the family relations of migrants living in the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. The research was developed from the interpretative paradigm, from a qualitative focus and with a phenomenological design. The sample of the project consisted in five (5) migrant participants permanently living in the Barrio Santa Marta and coming from Venezuela. Among the techniques, observation and the semi-structured interview were implemented; the field journal instrument was also used. Informed consent for participants was used for the application of the techniques and tolos mentionned before. Chapter I: Some situations that can affect physical and nutritional development, and there are also migrants who arrive in the host country in good health but the working exposure and the migratory route deteriorates their health. Similarly, social circumstances such as social exclusion, inequity of access to services and the violation of rights generated a psychosocial impact on migrants. On the other hand, the presence of symptoms such as nostalgia and anxiety, feelings of sadness and uncertainty about the day to come and the situations to be faced. Chapter II: It became evident the mourning for the loss of social status manifested in feelings of sadness for the challenges they must face to survive, the lack of or low remuneration, the present needs and the loss of everything built in their country of origin. Mourning for physical risks due to circumstances that endanger the integrity and well-being of the migrant, including xenophobia, neglect of health care, sexual harassment and overexploitation at work, situations that happened since they began their migratory route and that they still experience in their reception and establishment process. Chapter 3: Migrant families maintain transnational ties, some of them with their nuclear family and others with their extended family, through which they use social networks such as Facebook and WhatsApp as their main ways of contact. Some of them in their initial phase of migration had to leave behind their relatives such as their wives, children or parents. However at this time almost all have already managed to bring their close family members. Therefore, it can be determined that family dynamics were not affected and therefore family relationships had a positive change in their lives because it allowed them to strengthen their communication channels. It can be concluded that social circumstances generated a psychosocial impact on migrants since in their migration process they had to face situations where they felt their rights were violated, these violations include social inequality in access to education, health, employment and decent pay. Moreover, it is further concluded that the most obvious bereavements were for mournings for physical risks due to the situations and adversities that put their integrity at risk; as well as the mourning for the loss of social status as such families reflect from their sadness as they have left behind the fruit of their efforts and everything built in their country of origin and at the same time start from scratch in a very different territory. Regarding the family relations, it can be concluded that migration does not affect the internal dynamics of households, but at the contrary the ñigration generated a strengthening of these relations
Within the background, a documentary review was made of relevant research related to migration bereavement, providing a theoretical and methodological foundation, to contribute to the research work carried out and to complement not only in methods, techniques, methodology, but in knowledge about the subject. For this, a process of research for books was carried out in the digital library Unisimón, Google Scholar, among others; where 3 important investigations were selected at the international, national and local level between 2018 and 2021. Among these, we can especially highlight the approach focused on the qualitative aspect and phenomenological design. With their contributions, it was possible to obtain an approach to the research problem, as well as a theoretical foundation around the migratory bereavements presented in each of the investigations’ subjects carried out respectively. General objective: To analyze the psychosocial effects generated by the migratory mourning of Venezuelan families living in the Santa Marta neighborhood in the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Specific objectives: I). To characterize the psychosocial effects in the Venezuelan residents of the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. II). To know the migratory bereavements of the Venezuelan families resident in the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. III). Describe the incidence of affectations in the family relations of migrants living in the Santa Marta neighborhood of the city of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. The research was developed from the interpretative paradigm, from a qualitative focus and with a phenomenological design. The sample of the project consisted in five (5) migrant participants permanently living in the Barrio Santa Marta and coming from Venezuela. Among the techniques, observation and the semi-structured interview were implemented; the field journal instrument was also used. Informed consent for participants was used for the application of the techniques and tolos mentionned before. Chapter I: Some situations that can affect physical and nutritional development, and there are also migrants who arrive in the host country in good health but the working exposure and the migratory route deteriorates their health. Similarly, social circumstances such as social exclusion, inequity of access to services and the violation of rights generated a psychosocial impact on migrants. On the other hand, the presence of symptoms such as nostalgia and anxiety, feelings of sadness and uncertainty about the day to come and the situations to be faced. Chapter II: It became evident the mourning for the loss of social status manifested in feelings of sadness for the challenges they must face to survive, the lack of or low remuneration, the present needs and the loss of everything built in their country of origin. Mourning for physical risks due to circumstances that endanger the integrity and well-being of the migrant, including xenophobia, neglect of health care, sexual harassment and overexploitation at work, situations that happened since they began their migratory route and that they still experience in their reception and establishment process. Chapter 3: Migrant families maintain transnational ties, some of them with their nuclear family and others with their extended family, through which they use social networks such as Facebook and WhatsApp as their main ways of contact. Some of them in their initial phase of migration had to leave behind their relatives such as their wives, children or parents. However at this time almost all have already managed to bring their close family members. Therefore, it can be determined that family dynamics were not affected and therefore family relationships had a positive change in their lives because it allowed them to strengthen their communication channels. It can be concluded that social circumstances generated a psychosocial impact on migrants since in their migration process they had to face situations where they felt their rights were violated, these violations include social inequality in access to education, health, employment and decent pay. Moreover, it is further concluded that the most obvious bereavements were for mournings for physical risks due to the situations and adversities that put their integrity at risk; as well as the mourning for the loss of social status as such families reflect from their sadness as they have left behind the fruit of their efforts and everything built in their country of origin and at the same time start from scratch in a very different territory. Regarding the family relations, it can be concluded that migration does not affect the internal dynamics of households, but at the contrary the ñigration generated a strengthening of these relations
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Palabras clave
Migración, Afectaciones psicosociales, Duelo migratorio, Relaciones familiares, Migration, Psychosocial affectations, Migratory bereavement, Family relations
