Implicaciones del acusador privado en el procedimiento penal abreviado colombiano: un análisis desde la perspectiva constitucional
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Field Segura, Henry
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta propuesta de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la figura del acusador
privado, innovación relativamente reciente en el procedimiento penal especial
abreviado colombiano, con relación a lo establecido en el artículo 250 de la
Constitución Política de Colombia, en lo que respecta a las garantías de los
derechos fundamentales en cada una de sus actuaciones.
La introducción del Acusador Privado, en el procedimiento penal especial
abreviado en Colombia, se basó en la idea de que la víctima es la persona más
interesada en la persecución del delito que la ha afectado. Por ello, se le otorga la
posibilidad de participar activamente en el proceso penal, con el fin de que pueda
obtener el reconocimiento de sus derechos, en lugar de que sea la Fiscalía General
de la Nación la encargada de hacerlo.
Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se requiere tener en cuenta la ley
1826 de 2017, que creó el Procedimiento Penal Abreviado y que a su vez introdujo
la figura del Acusador Privado. A partir de este punto de partida, se analizarán las
garantías constitucionales que el legislador destaca en la regulación de dicha figura;
así como los fundamentos para la expedición del Acto Legislativo 06 de 2011 y el
parágrafo 2º del artículo 250 de la Constitución Política.
Se espera, con ello, demostrar que las actuaciones del Acusador Privado en
el proceso penal deben enmarcarse en los principios y garantías Constitucionales,
en especial con el debido proceso; además que, al configurarse como institución
estatal dentro del marco jurídico colombiano, sus actuaciones se legitiman en la
supremacía constitucional, lo cual se profundizará en el desarrollo temático de este
trabajo y que fundamenta el desarrollo de esta propuesta de investigación.
This research proposal aims to analyze the figure of the private prosecutor, a relatively recent innovation in the Colombian abbreviated special criminal procedure, in relation to the provisions of Article 250 of the Colombian Political Constitution, regarding the guarantees of fundamental rights in each of its actions. The introduction of the Private Prosecutor in the Colombian abbreviated special criminal procedure was based on the idea that the victim is the person most interested in the prosecution of the crime that has affected them. Therefore, they are given the opportunity to participate actively in the criminal process, in order to obtain recognition of their rights, rather than having the Attorney General's Office be responsible for doing so. For the development of this research, it is necessary to consider Law 1826 of 2017, which created the Abbreviated Criminal Procedure and introduced the figure of the Private Prosecutor. Starting from this point, the constitutional guarantees that the legislator highlights in the regulation of this figure will be analyzed; as well as the foundations for the enactment of Legislative Act 06 of 2011 and paragraph 2 of Article 250 of the Political Constitution. It is expected, with this, to demonstrate that the actions of the Private Prosecutor in the criminal process must be framed within the constitutional principles and guarantees, especially due process; furthermore, by being configured as a state institution within the Colombian legal framework, its actions are legitimized by constitutional supremacy, which will be deepened in the thematic development of this work and which underlies the development of this research proposal.
This research proposal aims to analyze the figure of the private prosecutor, a relatively recent innovation in the Colombian abbreviated special criminal procedure, in relation to the provisions of Article 250 of the Colombian Political Constitution, regarding the guarantees of fundamental rights in each of its actions. The introduction of the Private Prosecutor in the Colombian abbreviated special criminal procedure was based on the idea that the victim is the person most interested in the prosecution of the crime that has affected them. Therefore, they are given the opportunity to participate actively in the criminal process, in order to obtain recognition of their rights, rather than having the Attorney General's Office be responsible for doing so. For the development of this research, it is necessary to consider Law 1826 of 2017, which created the Abbreviated Criminal Procedure and introduced the figure of the Private Prosecutor. Starting from this point, the constitutional guarantees that the legislator highlights in the regulation of this figure will be analyzed; as well as the foundations for the enactment of Legislative Act 06 of 2011 and paragraph 2 of Article 250 of the Political Constitution. It is expected, with this, to demonstrate that the actions of the Private Prosecutor in the criminal process must be framed within the constitutional principles and guarantees, especially due process; furthermore, by being configured as a state institution within the Colombian legal framework, its actions are legitimized by constitutional supremacy, which will be deepened in the thematic development of this work and which underlies the development of this research proposal.
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Palabras clave
Acusador privado, Procedimiento penal, Reforma, Derechos fundamentales, Marco jurídico