Familia y contexto: entre la tensión del aislamiento social por covid-19 y las dinámicas familiares en escenarios de conflicto armado. Un estudio con mujeres del municipio del Tarra – Norte de Santander-
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2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La realidad vivida durante el aislamiento social para evitar los contagios por la enfermedad del covid-19 llevó a las familias del mundo a servir de escenario para la contención de las múltiples emociones experimentadas: angustia por la enfermedad, duelos por muertes y pérdidas masivas de seres queridos, trabajos, recursos económicos y libertades que desde la cotidianidad se vivenciaban. Esto confrontó a las familias a experimentar diferentes afrontamientos desde el cuidado, la solidaridad y la autoafirmación de lazos afectivos, hasta la alteración de vivencias cotidianas que se transformaron en estrés, conflictos, aislamientos y violencias que bien podían ser cotidianos o emergentes en el escenario descrito.
En medio de estas tensiones y cambios por pandemia, convergen otras realidades de violencias contextuales que hacen parte del conflicto armado vivido en Colombia desde tiempos históricos y que ubican territorios de constantes violencias armadas por situaciones políticas, narcotráfico y luchas territoriales como las que se viven en el municipio de el Tarra en la región del Catatumbo, norte de Santander- el cual obliga a preguntarse por las dinámicas familiares en donde algunos de los miembros están vinculados con grupos ilegales, donde se naturalizan las violencias, el uso de la fuerza y la negación de derechos frente a los otros miembros de la familia, especialmente a mujeres, niños, niñas y adultos mayores.
Para ello se analiza la investigación se sustenta en teorías de familia, su dinámica y estructura, así mismo se utilizaron las teorías de contexto social las cuales permitieron ver elementos de incidencia de la violencia del contexto, lo mismo que las del aislamiento por pandemia del covid-19, las cuales demuestran las implicaciones que el mismo ejerce en las dinámicas internas de las familias. Cada uno de los aspectos destacados en las teorías de familia y contextos, llevan a proponer las teorías de salud mental.
Metodológicamente se desarrolla la investigación bajo un enfoque mixto, con diseño secuencial, según Hernández, Fernández y Baptista (2017) tomando como muestra a 12 mujeres pertenecientes al grupo de atención de madres gestantes, lactantes y de niños y niñas de 0 a 5 años del municipio del Tarra.
Dentro de los hallazgos se resaltan situaciones familiares mediadas por tensión y conflictos que alteran la salud mental de sus integrantes y hacen que se van constituyendo en familias habituadas al conflicto.
The reality experienced during social isolation to avoid contagion by the covid-19 disease led the families of the world to serve as a stage for the containment of the multiple emotions experienced: anguish due to the disease, mourning for deaths and massive loss of loved ones. loved ones, jobs, economic resources and freedoms that were experienced from everyday life. This confronted the families to experience different coping from care, solidarity and the self-affirmation of affective ties, to the alteration of daily experiences that were transformed into stress, conflicts, isolation and violence that could well be daily or emergent in the scenario described. In the midst of these tensions and changes due to the pandemic, other realities of contextual violence converge that are part of the armed conflict experienced in Colombia since historical times and that locate territories of constant armed violence due to political situations, drug trafficking and territorial struggles such as those experienced in Colombia. the municipality of El Tarra in the Catatumbo region, north of Santander- which forces us to question the family dynamics where some of the members are linked to illegal groups, where violence, the use of force and denial are naturalized of rights against other family members, especially women, children and older adults. For this, the research is analyzed based on family theories, its dynamics and structure, likewise the theories of social context were used, which allowed us to see elements of incidence of context violence, as well as those of isolation due to the covid pandemic. -19, which demonstrate the implications that it exerts on the internal dynamics of families. Each of the aspects highlighted in the theories of family and contexts, lead to propose theories of mental health. Methodologically, the research is developed under a mixed approach, with a sequential design, according to Hernández, Fernández and Baptista (2017), taking as a sample 12 women belonging to the care group for pregnant and lactating mothers and children from 0 to 5 years of age. Tarra municipality. Among the findings, family situations mediated by tension and conflicts that alter the mental health of its members and make them become families accustomed to conflict are highlighted.
The reality experienced during social isolation to avoid contagion by the covid-19 disease led the families of the world to serve as a stage for the containment of the multiple emotions experienced: anguish due to the disease, mourning for deaths and massive loss of loved ones. loved ones, jobs, economic resources and freedoms that were experienced from everyday life. This confronted the families to experience different coping from care, solidarity and the self-affirmation of affective ties, to the alteration of daily experiences that were transformed into stress, conflicts, isolation and violence that could well be daily or emergent in the scenario described. In the midst of these tensions and changes due to the pandemic, other realities of contextual violence converge that are part of the armed conflict experienced in Colombia since historical times and that locate territories of constant armed violence due to political situations, drug trafficking and territorial struggles such as those experienced in Colombia. the municipality of El Tarra in the Catatumbo region, north of Santander- which forces us to question the family dynamics where some of the members are linked to illegal groups, where violence, the use of force and denial are naturalized of rights against other family members, especially women, children and older adults. For this, the research is analyzed based on family theories, its dynamics and structure, likewise the theories of social context were used, which allowed us to see elements of incidence of context violence, as well as those of isolation due to the covid pandemic. -19, which demonstrate the implications that it exerts on the internal dynamics of families. Each of the aspects highlighted in the theories of family and contexts, lead to propose theories of mental health. Methodologically, the research is developed under a mixed approach, with a sequential design, according to Hernández, Fernández and Baptista (2017), taking as a sample 12 women belonging to the care group for pregnant and lactating mothers and children from 0 to 5 years of age. Tarra municipality. Among the findings, family situations mediated by tension and conflicts that alter the mental health of its members and make them become families accustomed to conflict are highlighted.
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Palabras clave
Aislamiento social, Covid-19, Dinámica familiar, Salud mental, Violencias contextuales, Social isolation, Covid-19, Family dynamics, Mental health, Contextual violence
