La acción colectiva del turismo de base comunitaria como apuesta de construcción de paz en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta - Colombia
| datacite.rights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Monsalve-Pelaez, Magda Andrea | |
| dc.contributor.author | Alfaro García, Ronald Rodolfo | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-12T16:05:23Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-12T16:05:23Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description.abstract | La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), en el norte de Colombia, ha sido escenario de conflicto armado y tensiones sociales durante décadas. En el marco del posacuerdo, las comunidades locales han buscado alternativas de desarrollo que favorezcan la reconciliación y el fortalecimiento del tejido social. En este contexto, el turismo de base comunitaria (TBC) se ha consolidado como una estrategia impulsada desde las comunidades para promover un desarrollo sostenible y territorialmente autónomo, en contraposición al turismo convencional. El TBC se fundamenta en la acción colectiva, la gestión local de los recursos y la distribución equitativa de beneficios, en coherencia con los principios de la economía solidaria y con el enfoque de paz positiva planteado por Johan Galtung. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue analizar cómo la acción colectiva en torno al TBC contribuye a la construcción de paz positiva en la SNSM. Para ello, se plantearon objetivos específicos orientados a: i) identificar las formas de organización comunitaria que sustentan el TBC; ii) examinar su incidencia en la cohesión social y la recuperación económica tras el conflicto; iii) explorar las tensiones entre el modelo comunitario y el turismo convencional; y iv) evaluar el papel de la economía solidaria en la sostenibilidad y equidad de las iniciativas. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con diseño etnográfico, basado en trabajo de campo en comunidades como Calabazo, Vista Hermosa y Palmor. Se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante y talleres de cartografía social. El análisis se realizó mediante la teoría fundamentada, con un proceso de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva apoyado en el software ATLAS.ti, lo que permitió construir categorías teóricas emergentes directamente ancladas en las experiencias comunitarias. Los hallazgos muestran que la acción colectiva se materializa en organizaciones comunitarias (asociaciones, cooperativas y comités turísticos) que autogestionan la actividad turística, respondiendo a problemáticas locales y defendiendo el territorio frente a presiones externas, como la especulación inmobiliaria o el avance del turismo convencional. Estas prácticas refuerzan la cohesión social, preservan la identidad cultural y promueven el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. A partir de la evidencia empírica, la tesis propone un modelo teórico integrador que explica la relación entre TBC y construcción de paz. Dicho modelo plantea que la acción colectiva y los valores de la economía solidaria convierten la actividad turística en beneficios sociales, económicos y culturales que contribuyen a la satisfacción de necesidades, el fortalecimiento comunitario y la reducción de factores estructurales de conflictividad. En este sentido, el TBC se configura no solo como una actividad económica, sino como un proceso sociopolítico que contribuye a la consolidación de una paz positiva en territorios afectados por la violencia | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), located in northern Colombia, has been historically affected by armed conflict and social tensions. In the context of the postpeace agreement, local communities have sought development alternatives that foster reconciliation and the strengthening of social fabric. Within this framework, community-based tourism (CBT) has emerged as a strategy driven by local communities to promote sustainable and territorial autonomous development, standing in contrast to conventional tourism. CBT is grounded in collective action, local management of resources, and the equitable distribution of benefits, in alignment with the principles of solidarity economy and the notion of positive peace developed by Johan Galtung. The overall objective of this dissertation was to analyze how collective action around CBT contributes to the construction of positive peace in the SNSM. Specific objectives included: (i) identifying the organizational forms that sustain CBT initiatives; (ii) examining their impact on social cohesion and economic recovery in the aftermath of conflict; (iii) exploring tensions between the community-based and conventional tourism models; and (iv) assessing the role of solidarity economy principles in ensuring the sustainability and equity of such initiatives. The study adopted a qualitative ethnographic approach, based on fieldwork in communities such as Calabazo, Vista Hermosa, and Palmor. Methods included indepth interviews, participant observation, and participatory techniques such as social mapping workshops. Data analysis followed the Grounded Theory methodology, employing open, axial, and selective coding with the support of ATLAS.ti software. This iterative process enabled the construction of theoretical categories directly anchored in community experiences. Findings demonstrate that collective action materializes through grassroots organizations (associations, cooperatives, and tourism committees) that collectively manage tourism activities, addressing local challenges and defending their territories against external pressures such as real estate speculation and conventional tourism expansion. These organizational practices strengthen social cohesion, preserve cultural identity, and promote the sustainable use of natural resources. Drawing from the empirical evidence, the dissertation proposes an integrative theoretical model explaining the relationship between CBT and peacebuilding. The model posits that collective action and solidarity economy values transform tourism into social, economic, and cultural benefits that address local needs, empower communities, and reduce structural sources of conflict. Thus, CBT is conceptualized not merely as an economic activity but as a socio-political process that contributes to consolidating positive peace in territories affected by violence. | eng |
| dc.format.mimetype | ||
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/17355 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar | spa |
| dc.publisher | Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales | spa |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | eng |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Turismo de base comunitaria | spa |
| dc.subject | Acción colectiva | spa |
| dc.subject | Construcción de paz | spa |
| dc.subject | Economía solidaria | spa |
| dc.subject | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Community-based tourism | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Collective action, peacebuilding | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Peacebuilding | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Solidarity economy | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | eng |
| dc.title | La acción colectiva del turismo de base comunitaria como apuesta de construcción de paz en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta - Colombia | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis | |
| dc.type.spa | Tesis de doctorado | |
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| oaire.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| sb.investigacion | Sociedad, cultura y patrimonio Caribe | spa |
| sb.programa | Doctorado en Sociedad y Cultura Caribe | spa |
| sb.sede | Sede Barranquilla | spa |
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