Análisis jurisprudencial del principio de discrecionalidad administrativa en la desvinculación de los miembros del Ejército Nacional de Colombia durante los años 2015-2022
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2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En Colombia, la legislación consagra una figura denominada discrecionalidad administrativa, aplicada a las Fuerzas Militares – FF. MM., cuando se requiere del retiro de un oficial o suboficial, en razón a sus funciones; esta se efectúa por medio de un acto administrativo emitido por el superior de la institución encargada de realizar la desvinculación, ya sea motivado por argumentos u otro tipo de situaciones. Esto ha llevado al uso indiscriminado de esta figura, llegando a vulnerar en ocasiones los derechos fundamentales de quienes han sido desvinculados. La finalidad del presente proyecto es analizar el principio de discrecionalidad administrativa en la desvinculación de los miembros del Ejército Nacional, por parte de la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado en Colombia, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2015 al 2022.; para lograrlo, se analizaron los fundamentos jurídicos con los cuales se regulan las facultades discrecionales en las actuaciones administrativas; se identificó cómo operan estos actos administrativos respecto a la desvinculación de los miembros de las FF. MM. y se reconocieron criterios jurisprudenciales de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado. En el aspecto metodológico, este estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo documental, apoyado en el método hermenéutico y fundamentado en la normatividad y la jurisprudencia de las cortes mencionadas anteriormente; a su vez, su desarrollo se dio a partir de matrices de análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y documental. Entre las conclusiones halladas se encuentra el hecho de que muchos miembros de la Fuerza Pública, especialmente del Ejército Nacional, se han visto afectados al ser separados de sus cargos por medio del uso de esta figura, circunstancia con la cual se ha suscitado un debate sobre la necesidad de la existencia de una debida motivación al momento de su aplicación.
In Colombia, the legislation consecrates a figure called administrative discretion, applied to the Military Forces - FF. MM., when the retirement of an officer or non-commissioned officer is required, due to their duties; This is carried out by means of an administrative act issued by the superior of the institution in charge of carrying out the separation, whether motivated by arguments or other types of situations. This has led to the indiscriminate use of this figure, sometimes violating the fundamental rights of those who have been separated. The purpose of this project is to analyze the principle of administrative discretion in the dismissal of members of the National Army, by the Constitutional Court and the Council of State in Colombia, during the period from 2015 to 2022.; To achieve this, the legal foundations with which discretionary powers in administrative actions are regulated were analyzed; It was identified how these administrative acts operate regarding the dismissal of the members of the FF. mm. and jurisprudential criteria of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State were recognized. In the methodological aspect, this study has a qualitative approach, of a documentary type, supported by the hermeneutic method and based on the regulations and jurisprudence of the aforementioned courts; in turn, its development was based on normative, jurisprudential and documentary analysis matrices. Among the conclusions found is the fact that many members of the Public Force, especially the National Army, have been affected by being separated from their positions through the use of this figure, a circumstance with which a debate has been raised about the need for the existence of a proper motivation at the time of its application.
In Colombia, the legislation consecrates a figure called administrative discretion, applied to the Military Forces - FF. MM., when the retirement of an officer or non-commissioned officer is required, due to their duties; This is carried out by means of an administrative act issued by the superior of the institution in charge of carrying out the separation, whether motivated by arguments or other types of situations. This has led to the indiscriminate use of this figure, sometimes violating the fundamental rights of those who have been separated. The purpose of this project is to analyze the principle of administrative discretion in the dismissal of members of the National Army, by the Constitutional Court and the Council of State in Colombia, during the period from 2015 to 2022.; To achieve this, the legal foundations with which discretionary powers in administrative actions are regulated were analyzed; It was identified how these administrative acts operate regarding the dismissal of the members of the FF. mm. and jurisprudential criteria of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State were recognized. In the methodological aspect, this study has a qualitative approach, of a documentary type, supported by the hermeneutic method and based on the regulations and jurisprudence of the aforementioned courts; in turn, its development was based on normative, jurisprudential and documentary analysis matrices. Among the conclusions found is the fact that many members of the Public Force, especially the National Army, have been affected by being separated from their positions through the use of this figure, a circumstance with which a debate has been raised about the need for the existence of a proper motivation at the time of its application.
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Palabras clave
Discrecionalidad administrativa, Desvinculación, Fuerzas Militares, FF. MM, Ejército Nacional, Actos administrativos, Administrative discretion, Dismissal, Armed Forces, FF. MM, National Army, Administrative acts
