Intervenciones desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento TDAH en niños: revisión de avances científicos
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Puentes Figueroa, Isaura Del Rosario
Vides Díaz, Carolina Paz
Villamizar Lizcano, Jennyffer Ariagna
Villarreal Ariza, Eliana Ester
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neurobiológico que afecta la capacidad de una persona para prestar atención, controlar impulsos y regular su nivel de actividad, suele ser diagnosticado en la infancia, pero puede continuar en la adultez, y su manejo efectivo suele implicar una combinación de estrategias médicas, psicológicas y educativas. Por ende, la presente monografía tiene como objetivo identificar las intervenciones desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños en el periodo de 2019 a 2023 utilizando la base de datos EBSCO. Se recuperaron (n=57) artículos inicialmente que fueron revisados a la luz de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos llevando a incluir (n=10) artículos posterior a su revisión y análisis en texto completo. En las investigaciones seleccionadas se logra identificar que la Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) es eficaz y versátil al momento de intervenir la sintomatología del TDAH, en estas se evidencia la utilización de herramientas y estrategias multimodales, tales como la psicoeducación, la musicoterapia, terapia de juego, mindfulness, aceptación, atención plena, análisis conductuales, entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, terapia dialéctica conductual, y el entrenamiento cognitivo, así mismo, acompañado en ocasiones con tratamientos farmacológicos, logrando mejoras en la funcionalidad del individuo de acuerdo a las necesidades particulares. Los estudios, subrayan la diversidad de técnicas de intervención terapéutica desde el modelo TCC, contribuyendo aportes significativos en el tratamiento de las personas implicadas en los mismos, evidenciando avances valiosos para la literatura y con ello resultados eficaces para una mejor calidad de vida de los niños, adolescentes y sus familias, destacando la importancia de la participación de esta última en el proceso terapéutico. Es importante resaltar que las investigaciones tuvieron lugar en diferentes países a nivel internacional tales como, China, Suecia, Estados Unidos, Noruega, Rumania y ciudades como Seúl y Kermanshah, por lo anterior, se hace hincapié en la importancia de seguir realizando investigaciones futuras que proporcionen más información sobre el tema tratado en el presente, considerando la prevalencia y necesidad de estudios nacionales con población, cultura y demás demandas particulares del país y que además contribuya a considerar la TCC como una opción terapéutica que brinda beneficios significativos para el bienestar en la salud mental.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that affects an individual’s ability to maintain attention, control impulses, and regulate their activity level. It is typically diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adulthood. Effective management often involves a combination of medical, psychological, and educational strategies. Therefore, this monograph aims to identify interventions from the cognitive-behavioral model for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children during the period from 2019 to 2023, utilizing the EBSCO database. Initially, (n=57) articles were retrieved and reviewed based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in (n=10) articles included after thorough review and full-text analysis. The selected studies indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective and versatile in addressing ADHD symptoms. These studies demonstrate the use of multimodal tools and strategies, such as psychoeducation, music therapy, play therapy, mindfulness, acceptance, behavioral analysis, social skills training, dialectical behavior therapy, and cognitive training, often accompanied by pharmacological treatments, leading to improvements in individual functionality according to specific needs. The studies emphasize the diversity of therapeutic intervention techniques within the CBT model, making significant contributions to the treatment of affected individuals, highlighting valuable advancements for the literature, and yielding effective results for improved quality of life for children, adolescents, and their families. The importance of family participation in the therapeutic process is also emphasized. It is noteworthy that the research was conducted in various countries, including China, Sweden, the United States, Norway, Romania, and cities such as Seoul and Kermanshah. Consequently, there is a strong emphasis on the need for future research to provide more information on the discussed topic, considering the prevalence and necessity of national studies that account for specific populations, cultures, and other particular demands of the country, which can further establish CBT as a therapeutic option that offers significant benefits for mental health well-being.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that affects an individual’s ability to maintain attention, control impulses, and regulate their activity level. It is typically diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adulthood. Effective management often involves a combination of medical, psychological, and educational strategies. Therefore, this monograph aims to identify interventions from the cognitive-behavioral model for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children during the period from 2019 to 2023, utilizing the EBSCO database. Initially, (n=57) articles were retrieved and reviewed based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in (n=10) articles included after thorough review and full-text analysis. The selected studies indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective and versatile in addressing ADHD symptoms. These studies demonstrate the use of multimodal tools and strategies, such as psychoeducation, music therapy, play therapy, mindfulness, acceptance, behavioral analysis, social skills training, dialectical behavior therapy, and cognitive training, often accompanied by pharmacological treatments, leading to improvements in individual functionality according to specific needs. The studies emphasize the diversity of therapeutic intervention techniques within the CBT model, making significant contributions to the treatment of affected individuals, highlighting valuable advancements for the literature, and yielding effective results for improved quality of life for children, adolescents, and their families. The importance of family participation in the therapeutic process is also emphasized. It is noteworthy that the research was conducted in various countries, including China, Sweden, the United States, Norway, Romania, and cities such as Seoul and Kermanshah. Consequently, there is a strong emphasis on the need for future research to provide more information on the discussed topic, considering the prevalence and necessity of national studies that account for specific populations, cultures, and other particular demands of the country, which can further establish CBT as a therapeutic option that offers significant benefits for mental health well-being.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), Terapia cognitivo comportamental, Intervención, Niños, Efectividad
