Mechanisms associated with pyrethroid resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia
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2020
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Pareja-Loaiza, Paula X.
Santacoloma Varon, Liliana
Rey Vega, Gabriela
Gómez-Camargo, Doris
Maestre-Serrano, Ronald
Lenhart, Audrey
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Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which are of
great public health importance in Colombia. Aedes control strategies in Colombia rely
heavily on the use of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, providing constant
selection pressure and the emergence of resistant populations. In recent years, insecticide
use has increased due to the increased incidence of dengue and recent introductions of chikungunya
and Zika. In the present study, pyrethroid resistance was studied across six populations
of Ae. aegypti from the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Susceptibility to λ-cyhalothrin,
deltamethrin, and permethrin was assessed, and resistance intensity was determined.
Activity levels of enzymes associated with resistance were measured, and the frequencies
of three kdr alleles (V1016I, F1534C, V410L) were calculated. Results showed variations in
pyrethroid susceptibility across Ae. aegypti populations and altered enzyme activity levels
were detected. The kdr alleles were detected in all populations, with high variations in frequencies:
V1016I (frequency ranging from 0.15–0.70), F1534C (range 0.94–1.00), and
V410L (range 0.05–0.72). In assays of phenotyped individuals, associations were observed
between the presence of V1016I, F1534C, and V410L alleles and resistance to the evaluated
pyrethroids, as well as between the VI1016/CC1534/VL410 tri-locus genotype and λ-cyhalothrin
and permethrin resistance. The results of the present study contribute to the
knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the resistance to key pyrethroids used to control
Ae. aegypti along the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
