Sistema híbrido de generación de energía en el Corregimiento de Nazareth, La Guajira
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
La energía renovable ha tenido un impacto positivo ya que al ser ésta amigable con el medio ambiente es una energía ilimitada la cual se puede aprovechar. Esta condición ofrece oportunidades para el abastecimiento de algunas áreas, especialmente las rulares donde el acceso a la energía eléctrica se vuelve complejo por aspectos geográficos, demográficos, sociales y económicos.
Por consiguiente, en esta investigación se diseñó un sistema híbrido de energía para una muestra conformada por 20 viviendas ubicadas en el Corregimiento Nazareth, municipio de Uribía (La Guajira). Este corregimiento tiene unas condiciones de vulnerabilidad, representadas en condiciones energéticas ineficientes que afectan el bienestar de sus habitantes.
Para dar cumplimiento a lo anterior, en primera instancia se determinó la demanda de energía eléctrica de la muestra de viviendas, mediante la recopilación y análisis de sus datos de consumo eléctrico facturados por el proveedor del servicio. Seguidamente, se establecieron los parámetros necesarios del diseño para la producción de energía del sistema híbrido y en una etapa posterior, se diseñó el sistema para el abastecimiento de electricidad con las energías renovables, para finalmente realizar la respectiva evaluación económica para la instalación del sistema híbrido.
Este trabajo corresponde a una investigación aplicada que, mediante un diseño de fuente mixta, de corte transeccional y con un enfoque cualitativo pudo alcanzar sus objetivos. Los resultados del proyecto indican que la demanda energética de las viviendas de la muestra es de 1532 kWh, lo cual hace necesario que el sistema opere con 29 paneles solares y 16 aerogeneradores, requiriéndose de un terreno de 26 kilómetros cuadrados. Los costos de instalación y puesta en marcha del proyecto ascenderían a unos 45.7 millones de pesos, los cuales se recuperarían a largo plazo, contando con un gran aporte al medioambiente.
Finalmente, se concluye que el diseño e implementación de un sistema híbrido eólico-solar representa una alternativa viable y sostenible para contribuir al abastecimiento de la demanda energética en el corregimiento de Nazareth, garantizando un suministro constante y confiable de energía eléctrica. Además, que esta tecnología representa una solución eficiente y sostenible para abastecer la demanda energética en zonas aisladas, desconectadas de la red eléctrica convencional.
Renewable energy has had a positive impact since it is friendly to the environment, it is an unlimited energy that can be used. This condition offers opportunities for the supply of some areas, especially rural ones where access to electricity becomes complex due to geographical, demographic, social and economic aspects. Therefore, in this research, a hybrid energy system was designed for a sample made up of 20 homes located in the Corregimiento Nazareth, municipality of Uribía (La Guajira). This corregimiento has some conditions of vulnerability, represented in inefficient energy conditions that affect the well-being of its inhabitants. In order to comply with the above, in the first instance, the demand for electrical energy of the sample of homes was determined, through the collection and analysis of their electrical consumption data billed by the service provider. Next, the necessary design parameters for the energy production of the hybrid system were established and in a later stage, the system for the supply of electricity with renewable energies was designed, to finally carry out the respective economic evaluation for the installation of the hybrid system. . This work corresponds to an applied investigation that, through a mixed source design, transectional cut and with a qualitative approach, was able to achieve its objectives. The results of the project indicate that the energy demand of the homes in the sample is 1,532 kWh, which makes it necessary for the system to operate with 29 solar panels and 16 wind turbines, requiring a plot of land of 26 square kilometers. The installation and start-up costs of the project would amount to about 45.7 million pesos, which would be recovered in the long term, with a great contribution to the environment. Finally, it is concluded that the design and implementation of a wind-solar hybrid system represents a viable and sustainable alternative to contribute to the supply of energy demand in the town of Nazareth, guaranteeing a constant and reliable supply of electrical energy. In addition, that this technology represents an efficient and sustainable solution to supply the energy demand in isolated areas, disconnected from the conventional electrical network.
Renewable energy has had a positive impact since it is friendly to the environment, it is an unlimited energy that can be used. This condition offers opportunities for the supply of some areas, especially rural ones where access to electricity becomes complex due to geographical, demographic, social and economic aspects. Therefore, in this research, a hybrid energy system was designed for a sample made up of 20 homes located in the Corregimiento Nazareth, municipality of Uribía (La Guajira). This corregimiento has some conditions of vulnerability, represented in inefficient energy conditions that affect the well-being of its inhabitants. In order to comply with the above, in the first instance, the demand for electrical energy of the sample of homes was determined, through the collection and analysis of their electrical consumption data billed by the service provider. Next, the necessary design parameters for the energy production of the hybrid system were established and in a later stage, the system for the supply of electricity with renewable energies was designed, to finally carry out the respective economic evaluation for the installation of the hybrid system. . This work corresponds to an applied investigation that, through a mixed source design, transectional cut and with a qualitative approach, was able to achieve its objectives. The results of the project indicate that the energy demand of the homes in the sample is 1,532 kWh, which makes it necessary for the system to operate with 29 solar panels and 16 wind turbines, requiring a plot of land of 26 square kilometers. The installation and start-up costs of the project would amount to about 45.7 million pesos, which would be recovered in the long term, with a great contribution to the environment. Finally, it is concluded that the design and implementation of a wind-solar hybrid system represents a viable and sustainable alternative to contribute to the supply of energy demand in the town of Nazareth, guaranteeing a constant and reliable supply of electrical energy. In addition, that this technology represents an efficient and sustainable solution to supply the energy demand in isolated areas, disconnected from the conventional electrical network.
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Palabras clave
Sistema híbrido, Energía solar, Energía eólica, Energías renovables, Hybrid system, Solar energy, Wind energy, Renewable energies
