La regulación de los estupefacientes y su incidencia en las problemáticas sociales del narcotráfico en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Álvarez Portillo, Jesús Daniel
Diaz Reyes, David
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este trabajo de investigación examina la posibilidad de implementar un modelo regulador de los estupefacientes en Colombia como alternativa al enfoque prohibicionista tradicional, con el objetivo de reducir el impacto del narcotráfico en las esferas sociales, económicas y de seguridad. A través de un análisis normativo y comparativo, se estudian los efectos adversos de la política de criminalización vigente y se contrastan con experiencias internacionales de regulación, como los casos de Portugal y Uruguay, que han mostrado resultados positivos en la reducción de daños. En Colombia, el narcotráfico continúa siendo una de las principales causas de violencia y corrupción, afectando de forma desproporcionada a comunidades vulnerables y perpetuando la desigualdad. “Asimismo, se observan efectos distributivos y de desigualdad asociados a las rentas del narcotráfico (Rocha García, 2014). Se plantea que una política pública enfocada en la regulación, acompañada de estrategias de salud pública, educación ciudadana y control financiero, podría debilitar las estructuras criminales y abrir caminos hacia soluciones más sostenibles. El estudio también analiza el marco constitucional y penal colombiano, con el fin de identificar oportunidades de reforma que permitan enfrentar el fenómeno desde un enfoque más integral y menos punitivo. Así, se propone una transformación del paradigma actual, que privilegie la prevención y la protección de derechos por encima de la represión.
This research paper examines the possibility of implementing a drug regulatory model in Colombia as an alternative to the traditional prohibitionist approach, with the aim of reducing the impact of drug trafficking on social, economic, and security spheres. Through a normative and comparative analysis, the paper studies the adverse effects of the current criminalization policy and contrasts them with international regulatory experiences, such as those of Portugal and Uruguay, which have shown positive results in harm reduction. In Colombia, drug trafficking continues to be one of the main causes of violence and corruption, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities and perpetuating inequality. It is proposed that a public policy focused on regulation, accompanied by public health strategies, citizen education, and financial control, could weaken criminal structures and pave the way for more sustainable solutions. The study also analyzes the Colombian constitutional and criminal framework to identify opportunities for reform that would address the phenomenon from a more comprehensive and less punitive approach. Thus, a transformation of the current paradigm is proposed, prioritizing prevention and the protection of rights over repression.
This research paper examines the possibility of implementing a drug regulatory model in Colombia as an alternative to the traditional prohibitionist approach, with the aim of reducing the impact of drug trafficking on social, economic, and security spheres. Through a normative and comparative analysis, the paper studies the adverse effects of the current criminalization policy and contrasts them with international regulatory experiences, such as those of Portugal and Uruguay, which have shown positive results in harm reduction. In Colombia, drug trafficking continues to be one of the main causes of violence and corruption, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities and perpetuating inequality. It is proposed that a public policy focused on regulation, accompanied by public health strategies, citizen education, and financial control, could weaken criminal structures and pave the way for more sustainable solutions. The study also analyzes the Colombian constitutional and criminal framework to identify opportunities for reform that would address the phenomenon from a more comprehensive and less punitive approach. Thus, a transformation of the current paradigm is proposed, prioritizing prevention and the protection of rights over repression.
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Palabras clave
Colombia, Criminal, Drogas, Dinero, Estupefacientes, Narcotráfico, Política, Reducción