Recursos noológicos y apoyo social percibido en adolescentes consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas de la Fundación Faro
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Chacón Vale, Yeferson Alexis
Camargo Eslava, Sergio
Dávila Ortega, Freddy Antonio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública que ha aumentado en los últimos años y afecta la salud cognitiva, física y psicosocial. Estas sustancias actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central, alteran la conducta, el estado de ánimo y la percepción, y pueden generar dependencia física y psicológica, lo que deteriora la relación del joven con su familia, su entorno y su proceso de aprendizaje. Además, se asocian con accidentes, discapacidades, trastornos psiquiátricos, ideación suicida y conductas sexuales de riesgo.
La adolescencia es una etapa crítica marcada por la búsqueda de sensaciones y el deseo de experimentar, lo que puede llevar a probar sustancias sin considerar sus riesgos. Aunque esta exploración forma parte del desarrollo, las consecuencias del consumo pueden ser graves y convertirse rápidamente en patrones adictivos que afectan el cerebro, el cuerpo y la vida social del adolescente.
Los factores de riesgo incluyen baja tolerancia a la frustración, conductas agresivas y baja autoestima. A nivel familiar influyen el consumo de sustancias por parte de los padres, la falta de supervisión, estilos de crianza autoritarios o sobreprotectores. En el ámbito social, la presión de pares, la disponibilidad de sustancias y la violencia en el entorno incrementan el riesgo.
En este contexto, el apoyo social percibido y los recursos noológicos son fundamentales para prevenir y afrontar las adicciones, fortaleciendo la resiliencia y las capacidades para enfrentar las adversidades.
The consumption of psychoactive substances among adolescents is a growing public health problem that has increased in recent years, affecting their cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health. These substances act on the central nervous system, altering behavior, mood, and perception, and can generate both physical and psychological dependence, which deteriorates the adolescent’s relationships with family, their environment, and their learning process. They are also associated with accidents, disabilities, psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation, and risky sexual behaviors. Adolescence is a critical stage marked by the search for new sensations and the desire to experiment, which may lead young people to try substances without considering the risks. Although this exploration is part of normal development, the consequences of substance use can be severe and quickly turn into addictive patterns that affect the brain, the body, and the adolescent’s social interactions. Risk factors include low frustration tolerance, aggressive behaviors, and low self-esteem. At the family level, parental substance use, lack of supervision, authoritarian or overprotective parenting styles contribute significantly. In the social environment, peer pressure, easy access to substances, and exposure to violence increase the likelihood of consumption. In this context, perceived social support and noological resources are essential for preventing and addressing addictions, as they strengthen resilience and the adolescent’s ability to cope with adversity.
The consumption of psychoactive substances among adolescents is a growing public health problem that has increased in recent years, affecting their cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health. These substances act on the central nervous system, altering behavior, mood, and perception, and can generate both physical and psychological dependence, which deteriorates the adolescent’s relationships with family, their environment, and their learning process. They are also associated with accidents, disabilities, psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation, and risky sexual behaviors. Adolescence is a critical stage marked by the search for new sensations and the desire to experiment, which may lead young people to try substances without considering the risks. Although this exploration is part of normal development, the consequences of substance use can be severe and quickly turn into addictive patterns that affect the brain, the body, and the adolescent’s social interactions. Risk factors include low frustration tolerance, aggressive behaviors, and low self-esteem. At the family level, parental substance use, lack of supervision, authoritarian or overprotective parenting styles contribute significantly. In the social environment, peer pressure, easy access to substances, and exposure to violence increase the likelihood of consumption. In this context, perceived social support and noological resources are essential for preventing and addressing addictions, as they strengthen resilience and the adolescent’s ability to cope with adversity.
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Palabras clave
Sustancias psicoactivas, Adolescentes, Recursos noológicos, Apoyo social percibido.
