Esquemas mal adaptativos en mujeres víctimas de violencia de género: revisión de avances investigativos
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Fecha
2025
Autores
García Martínez, Katia
Gómez Padilla, Yesenia
Manjarrez Jiménez, Yesica
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Los Esquemas Mal Adaptativos Tempranos (EMT) son patrones cognitivos y
emocionales profundamente arraigados, relativamente estables y duraderos,
que suelen formarse en la infancia. Estos esquemas tienden a mantenerse a lo
largo de la vida y, en muchos casos, resultan significativamente disfuncionales
para el individuo. A nivel mundial, se ha identificado una alta prevalencia de
estos esquemas en mujeres víctimas de violencias basadas en género (VBG),
los cuales están estrechamente relacionados con la violencia sistemática sufrida
en el marco de relaciones disfuncionales y asimétricas. Por esta razón, el
objetivo de la presente monografía es analizar los avances investigativos en el
estudio de los esquemas mal adaptativos en mujeres víctimas de VBG durante
el periodo 2020-2024 a la luz de la metodología PRISMA. Se diseñó una
ecuación de búsqueda en inglés y español para ser aplicada en la base de datos
EBSCO, estableciendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de
estudios. La búsqueda inicial arrojó un total de 10 artículos, de los cuales 6
fueron seleccionados tras una revisión exhaustiva y revisados a texto completo
al cumplir con los criterios previamente establecidos. Los hallazgos de la revisión
revelan una relación significativa entre los EMT —específicamente los del
dominio de desconexión y rechazo— y las experiencias de mujeres víctimas de
VBG, pertenecientes a diversos grupos etarios, nacionalidades y contextos
socioeconómicos. Las mujeres que presentan estos esquemas suelen buscar
constantemente la aprobación y se someten a relaciones disfuncionales, lo que
las hace más propensas a permanecer en dinámicas violentas. Asimismo, se
evidenció el impacto que dichos esquemas pueden tener en la salud mental de
sus hijos e hijas, actuando como un factor predisponente tanto para la
victimización como para la agresión en futuras generaciones. Finalmente, estos
resultados subrayan la importancia de incorporar estrategias terapéuticas
orientadas al desarrollo de autocompasión y autoestima, así como el valor de
estos hallazgos para futuras investigaciones y la práctica clínica. No obstante,
se destaca la necesidad urgente de desarrollar estudios específicos en
contextos locales, como el colombiano, que respondan a las necesidades
emocionales, psicológicas, sociales y culturales propias de dicha población
Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are deeply ingrained cognitive and emotional patterns that are relatively stable and enduring, typically developing during childhood. These schemas tend to persist throughout an individual's life and are, in many cases, significantly dysfunctional. Globally, a high prevalence of these schemas has been identified among women who are victims of gender-based violence (GBV), closely linked to the systematic violence experienced within dysfunctional and asymmetric relationships. For this reason, the objective of the present monograph is to analyze the research progress in the study of maladaptive schemas in women victims of GBV during the period from 2020 to 2024, using the PRISMA methodology as a framework. A search equation was developed in both English and Spanish for use in the EBSCO database, with clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of studies. The initial search yielded a total of 10 articles, of which 6 were selected after a thorough full-text review, having met all predefined criteria. The findings reveal a significant association between EMS— specifically within the domain of disconnection and rejection—and the experiences of women victims of GBV, encompassing various age groups, nationalities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Women who exhibit these schemas often seek constant approval and tend to engage in dysfunctional relationships, making them more likely to remain in violent dynamics. Furthermore, the review highlights the impact of these schemas on the mental health of their children, acting as a predisposing factor for either victimization or perpetration in future generations. Ultimately, the results underscore the importance of incorporating therapeutic strategies focused on the development of self-compassion and self-esteem, as well as the relevance of these findings for future research and clinical practice. Nevertheless, the urgent need to conduct context-specific studies—particularly in local settings such as Colombia—is emphasized, to address the emotional, psychological, social, and cultural needs of this population.
Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are deeply ingrained cognitive and emotional patterns that are relatively stable and enduring, typically developing during childhood. These schemas tend to persist throughout an individual's life and are, in many cases, significantly dysfunctional. Globally, a high prevalence of these schemas has been identified among women who are victims of gender-based violence (GBV), closely linked to the systematic violence experienced within dysfunctional and asymmetric relationships. For this reason, the objective of the present monograph is to analyze the research progress in the study of maladaptive schemas in women victims of GBV during the period from 2020 to 2024, using the PRISMA methodology as a framework. A search equation was developed in both English and Spanish for use in the EBSCO database, with clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of studies. The initial search yielded a total of 10 articles, of which 6 were selected after a thorough full-text review, having met all predefined criteria. The findings reveal a significant association between EMS— specifically within the domain of disconnection and rejection—and the experiences of women victims of GBV, encompassing various age groups, nationalities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Women who exhibit these schemas often seek constant approval and tend to engage in dysfunctional relationships, making them more likely to remain in violent dynamics. Furthermore, the review highlights the impact of these schemas on the mental health of their children, acting as a predisposing factor for either victimization or perpetration in future generations. Ultimately, the results underscore the importance of incorporating therapeutic strategies focused on the development of self-compassion and self-esteem, as well as the relevance of these findings for future research and clinical practice. Nevertheless, the urgent need to conduct context-specific studies—particularly in local settings such as Colombia—is emphasized, to address the emotional, psychological, social, and cultural needs of this population.
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Palabras clave
Esquemas Mal adaptativo (EMT), Violencia Basada en Genero (VBG), Mujeres, Víctimas, Salud mental
