Revisión narrativa sobre la efectividad de la terapia fotodinámica en el tratamiento del carcinoma de células escamosas
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Castellón Abril, Darlis Ximena
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) es un cáncer frecuente y agresivo con limitaciones en los tratamientos convencionales, lo que ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas como la terapia fotodinámica (TFD). Objetivo: Realizar una revisión narrativa sobre la efectividad de la TFD en el CCE, analizando literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2025. Metodología: Se efectuó una búsqueda exhaustiva en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando los descriptores “photodynamic therapy”, “squamous cell carcinoma”, “nanoparticles” y “combination therapy”, junto con operadores booleanos (AND, OR, NOT). Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión que priorizaron estudios clínicos con datos cuantitativos sobre eficacia, uso de fotosensibilizadores y estrategias para reducir la hipoxia tumoral. Se descartaron editoriales, estudios preclínicos sin aplicación clínica y duplicados. El proceso fue realizado por dos revisores independientes mediante una matriz de extracción de datos. Resultados: De 3.124 artículos identificados, 20 cumplieron los criterios metodológicos. Los estudios emplearon fotosensibilizadores, nanopartículas y combinaciones terapéuticas (génica, fototérmica, quimioterapia), reportando reducciones tumorales entre 55% y 80%, mejoras en hipoxia tumoral y tasas de apoptosis superiores al 70%. Nanopartículas como MnO₂-IR780, Mn-CD y AuNR-Ce6 aumentaron la especificidad tumoral y redujeron efectos adversos. Las combinaciones TFD + terapia génica o fototérmica mostraron un incremento del 15– 20% en eficacia respecto a TFD sola. Conclusión: La TFD integrada con nanopartículas y terapias adyuvantes representa una alternativa innovadora y eficaz para el tratamiento del CCE, aunque requiere mayor validación clínica y estandarización de protocolos.
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common and aggressive cancer with limitations in conventional treatments, which has driven the search for alternatives such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Objective: To conduct a narrative review on the effectiveness of PDT in SCC, analyzing literature published between 2015 and 2025. Methodology: An exhaustive search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the descriptors “photodynamic therapy,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “nanoparticles,” and “combination therapy,” along with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Inclusion and exclusion criteria prioritized clinical studies with quantitative data on efficacy, photosensitizer use, and strategies to reduce tumor hypoxia. Editorials, preclinical studies without clinical application, and duplicates were excluded. The process was conducted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction matrix. Results: Of 3,124 identified articles, 20 met the methodological criteria. The studies used photosensitizers, nanoparticles, and combined therapies (gene, photothermal, chemotherapy), reporting tumor reductions between 55% and 80%, improved tumor hypoxia, and apoptosis rates above 70%. Nanoparticles such as MnO₂-IR780, Mn-CD, and AuNR-Ce6 increased tumor specificity and reduced adverse effects. PDT combined with gene or photothermal therapy showed a 15 20% increase in efficacy compared to PDT alone. Conclusion: PDT integrated with nanoparticles and adjuvant therapies represents an innovative and effective alternative for SCC treatment, although further clinical validation and standardized protocols are required.
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common and aggressive cancer with limitations in conventional treatments, which has driven the search for alternatives such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Objective: To conduct a narrative review on the effectiveness of PDT in SCC, analyzing literature published between 2015 and 2025. Methodology: An exhaustive search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the descriptors “photodynamic therapy,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “nanoparticles,” and “combination therapy,” along with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Inclusion and exclusion criteria prioritized clinical studies with quantitative data on efficacy, photosensitizer use, and strategies to reduce tumor hypoxia. Editorials, preclinical studies without clinical application, and duplicates were excluded. The process was conducted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction matrix. Results: Of 3,124 identified articles, 20 met the methodological criteria. The studies used photosensitizers, nanoparticles, and combined therapies (gene, photothermal, chemotherapy), reporting tumor reductions between 55% and 80%, improved tumor hypoxia, and apoptosis rates above 70%. Nanoparticles such as MnO₂-IR780, Mn-CD, and AuNR-Ce6 increased tumor specificity and reduced adverse effects. PDT combined with gene or photothermal therapy showed a 15 20% increase in efficacy compared to PDT alone. Conclusion: PDT integrated with nanoparticles and adjuvant therapies represents an innovative and effective alternative for SCC treatment, although further clinical validation and standardized protocols are required.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Terapia fotodinámica, Carcinoma de células escamosas, Nanopartículas, Hipoxia tumoral, Terapias combinadas, Especies reactivas de oxígeno