La conciliación de medicamentos como estrategia para reducir la ocurrencia de eventos adversos y fortalecer la seguridad del paciente a través de una revisión sistemática del 2017 al 2022
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Torralvo Estremor, Arelis
Rincón Sánchez, Sandra
Lamanna Tovar, María Camila
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La conciliación de medicamentos es un proceso importante, determinante y complejo pues necesita el trueque de información entre actores diversos del sector de la salud como lo son proveedores, químicos farmacéuticos, médicos, jefes de enfermería, pacientes, parientes y/o cuidadores.
Esa dificultad puede conllevar a errores de medicación y provocar en un futuro eventos adversos lo cual producen tiempos extras de estudio y ejecución de planes de optimización y estancias prolongadas que son asumidas por las Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud (IPS) perjudicando la sostenibilidad financiera.
Hay fases a lo largo del periodo de atención en salud en las que pueden existir peligros de ocurrencia de estos errores de medicación, como lo son el ingreso, el traslado entre servicios y el egreso del paciente.
Si se centra en la primera y última fase se puede encontrar como parte de la táctica más importante para contrarrestarlos: una directriz. Dicha directriz se enmarca principalmente en un plan que, con soporte histórico, bibliográfico y normativo (tanto a nivel nacional como internacional) y de una revisión extensa de literatura busca demostrar el valor único que tiene un proceso tan importante dentro de una estancia hospitalaria como lo es la conciliación de medicamentos el cual se enmarca en una lista descriptiva y completa de los medicamentos que tiene un paciente, validada por un equipo multidisciplinario.
De los 41 artículos revisados hay consenso en la necesidad de fortalecer el equipo interdisciplinar médico y enfermero con la adherencia de un químico farmacéutico para los ajustes en la medicación y la conciliación de medicamentos de paciente durante las etapas de ingreso, estancia y egreso. Cabe resaltar, el apoyo de un acompañamiento sistematizado electrónico para el registro de la medicación y los tratamientos previos de los pacientes.
The conciliation of medications is an important, determining and complex process, since it requires the exchange of information between various actors in the health sector such as providers, pharmaceutical chemists, doctors, nursing managers, patients, relatives and/or caregivers. This difficulty can lead to medication errors and cause adverse events in the future, which produce extra study time and execution of optimization plans and prolonged stays that are assumed by the Health Provider Institutions (IPS), harming financial sustainability. There are phases throughout the health care period in which there may be dangers of the occurrence of these medication errors, such as admission, transfer between services and discharge of the patient. If we focus on the first and last phase we can find as part of the most important tactic to counteract them: a guideline. Said guideline is mainly part of a plan that, with historical, bibliographical and normative support (both nationally and internationally) and an extensive review of the literature, seeks to demonstrate the unique value of such an important process within a hospital stay such as It is the medication reconciliation which is framed in a descriptive and complete list of the medications that a patient has, validated by a multidisciplinary team. Of the 41 articles reviewed, there is consensus on the need to strengthen the interdisciplinary medical and nursing team with the adherence of a pharmaceutical chemist for medication adjustments and medication reconciliation during the stages of admission, stay and discharge. It is worth highlighting the support of an electronic systematized follow-up for the registration of the medication and the previous treatments of the patients.
The conciliation of medications is an important, determining and complex process, since it requires the exchange of information between various actors in the health sector such as providers, pharmaceutical chemists, doctors, nursing managers, patients, relatives and/or caregivers. This difficulty can lead to medication errors and cause adverse events in the future, which produce extra study time and execution of optimization plans and prolonged stays that are assumed by the Health Provider Institutions (IPS), harming financial sustainability. There are phases throughout the health care period in which there may be dangers of the occurrence of these medication errors, such as admission, transfer between services and discharge of the patient. If we focus on the first and last phase we can find as part of the most important tactic to counteract them: a guideline. Said guideline is mainly part of a plan that, with historical, bibliographical and normative support (both nationally and internationally) and an extensive review of the literature, seeks to demonstrate the unique value of such an important process within a hospital stay such as It is the medication reconciliation which is framed in a descriptive and complete list of the medications that a patient has, validated by a multidisciplinary team. Of the 41 articles reviewed, there is consensus on the need to strengthen the interdisciplinary medical and nursing team with the adherence of a pharmaceutical chemist for medication adjustments and medication reconciliation during the stages of admission, stay and discharge. It is worth highlighting the support of an electronic systematized follow-up for the registration of the medication and the previous treatments of the patients.
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Palabras clave
Conciliación de medicamentos, Seguridad del paciente, Efectos colaterales, Reacciones adversas, Medication reconciliation, Patient safety, Drug-related side effects, Adverse reactions
