Barreras en la implementación Big Data y BI en PYMES
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Ramos De La Rosa, Adams Andrés
Martínez Teheran, Cristhian Andrés
Camelo Villa, Noriel Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La competitividad de las PYMES colombianas, que representan el 99.5% del tejido empresarial, depende de su capacidad para adoptar tecnologías de datos. Sin embargo, existe una brecha digital crítica: mientras herramientas como Business Intelligence (BI) y Big Data pueden optimizar procesos y reducir costos logísticos hasta en un 35%, solo el 30% de las PYMES formales alcanza un nivel avanzado de transformación digital, lo que limita su sostenibilidad y contribuye a una alta mortalidad empresarial. Esta investigación diagnosticó los retos que obstaculizan la implementación de BI y Big Data en este sector. Mediante un enfoque metodológico mixto y utilizando el marco teórico TOE (Tecnología-Organización-Entorno), se identificaron cuatro barreras principales: 1) Falta de capacidad personal (34.50%), donde el 63.6% de las empresas carece de equipos especializados, creando un ciclo vicioso que impide medir el ROI y justificar la inversión en talento; 2) Falta de infraestructura tecnológica (29.30%); 3) Costos elevados (24.10%), con la mayoría destinando menos del 10% de su presupuesto a estas tecnologías; y 4) Resistencia al cambio organizacional (12.10%), resultado de un "abismo ejecutivo-operacional" donde la visión directiva no se traduce en recursos.
In the current digital era, the competitiveness of Colombian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which constitute 99.5% of the national business fabric, critically depends on their ability to adopt data technologies. However, a significant gap exists: while tools like Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data can optimize processes and reduce logistical costs by up to 35%, only 30% of formal SMEs achieve an advanced level of digital transformation, limiting their sustainability and contributing to a high business mortality rate. This study aimed to diagnose the multifaceted challenges hindering the implementation of BI and Big Data in this sector. Using a mixed-methods approach and the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) theoretical framework, the research identified four main barriers: 1) Lack of personal capacity (34.50%), where 63.6% of companies lack specialized teams, creating a vicious cycle that prevents measuring ROI; 2) Lack of technological infrastructure (29.30%); 3) High costs (24.10%), with most companies allocating less than 10% of their budget to these initiatives; and 4) Organizational resistance to change (12.10%), a consequence of an "executive-operational abyss" where leadership's vision fails to translate into resource allocation.
In the current digital era, the competitiveness of Colombian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which constitute 99.5% of the national business fabric, critically depends on their ability to adopt data technologies. However, a significant gap exists: while tools like Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data can optimize processes and reduce logistical costs by up to 35%, only 30% of formal SMEs achieve an advanced level of digital transformation, limiting their sustainability and contributing to a high business mortality rate. This study aimed to diagnose the multifaceted challenges hindering the implementation of BI and Big Data in this sector. Using a mixed-methods approach and the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) theoretical framework, the research identified four main barriers: 1) Lack of personal capacity (34.50%), where 63.6% of companies lack specialized teams, creating a vicious cycle that prevents measuring ROI; 2) Lack of technological infrastructure (29.30%); 3) High costs (24.10%), with most companies allocating less than 10% of their budget to these initiatives; and 4) Organizational resistance to change (12.10%), a consequence of an "executive-operational abyss" where leadership's vision fails to translate into resource allocation.
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Barreras de Adopción, Marco TOE, Colombia, Retorno de la Inversión (ROI)
