Vulneración de derechos fundamentales en conductas de acoso laboral en empleados del sector privado
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Cárcamo Payares, Rafael
Mora Patiño, Ricardo Darío
Vélez Ariza, María Fernanda
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente trabajo desarrolla un análisis integral, histórico y normativo sobre la
vulneración de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito laboral, específicamente en las
conductas de acoso dentro del sector privado colombiano. En primer lugar, se examina
cómo estas prácticas afectan no sólo la esfera laboral del trabajador, sino también
dimensiones esenciales de su vida personal, psicológica y social. Asimismo, se expone el
fundamento constitucional de los derechos humanos aplicables a la relación laboral,
resaltando la eficacia horizontal de los derechos fundamentales entre particulares y, por
consiguiente, las obligaciones directas de respeto, protección y garantía que recaen sobre
los empleadores.
En cuanto a las manifestaciones del acoso, se identifican conductas como el
entorpecimiento laboral, la ocultación de información, la alteración de herramientas
tecnológicas, las humillaciones públicas, los comentarios injuriosos, las amenazas de
despido, la negación de permisos médicos, el maltrato físico o verbal, la discriminación y
la desprotección laboral. A ello se suma su impacto en la salud mental, el rendimiento, la
estabilidad económica y las relaciones interpersonales del trabajador. De este modo, se
evidencia que el acoso es un fenómeno acumulativo que causa un daño paulatino y
silencioso, el cual no siempre se denuncia debido al miedo a represalias y a la ausencia de
canales efectivos.
A manera de ejemplo, se retoma el “caso Colibrí” en Facatativá, donde se documentaron
prácticas reiteradas de entorpecimiento laboral y afectación a la salud de una trabajadora.
Ante situaciones como esta, surgió la necesidad de establecer un marco legal, materializado
en la Ley 1010 de 2006, que busca prevenir y sancionar el acoso laboral. No obstante, su
aplicación aún enfrenta desafíos, especialmente en el funcionamiento de mecanismos como
los Comités de Convivencia
The present work develops a comprehensive, historical, and normative analysis of the violation of fundamental rightsin the laborsphere, specifically regarding acts of workplace harassment within the Colombian private sector. First, it examines how these practices affect not only the worker’s professional environment but also essential dimensions of their personal, psychological, and social life. Likewise, it presents the constitutional foundation of human rights applicable to labor relations, highlighting the horizontal effect of fundamental rights among private parties and, consequently, the employers’ direct obligations to respect, protect, and guarantee these rights. Regarding the manifestations of harassment, the study identifies behaviors such as obstructing work, withholding information, altering technological tools, public humiliation, defamatory comments, threats of dismissal, denial of medical leave, physical or verbal mistreatment, discrimination, and lack of labor protection. In addition, these actions impact the worker’s mental health, performance, economic stability, and interpersonal relationships. Thus, workplace harassment is shown to be a cumulative phenomenon that causes gradual and silent harm, which is often not reported due to fear of retaliation or lack of effective reporting channels. As an example, the study refers to the “Colibrí case” in Facatativá, where repeated acts of obstruction and harm to the health of a female worker were documented. Situations of this nature led to the need for a legal framework materialized in Law 1010 of 2006, which seeks to prevent and sanction workplace harassment. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges, particularly regarding the functioning of mechanisms such as Coexistence Committees
The present work develops a comprehensive, historical, and normative analysis of the violation of fundamental rightsin the laborsphere, specifically regarding acts of workplace harassment within the Colombian private sector. First, it examines how these practices affect not only the worker’s professional environment but also essential dimensions of their personal, psychological, and social life. Likewise, it presents the constitutional foundation of human rights applicable to labor relations, highlighting the horizontal effect of fundamental rights among private parties and, consequently, the employers’ direct obligations to respect, protect, and guarantee these rights. Regarding the manifestations of harassment, the study identifies behaviors such as obstructing work, withholding information, altering technological tools, public humiliation, defamatory comments, threats of dismissal, denial of medical leave, physical or verbal mistreatment, discrimination, and lack of labor protection. In addition, these actions impact the worker’s mental health, performance, economic stability, and interpersonal relationships. Thus, workplace harassment is shown to be a cumulative phenomenon that causes gradual and silent harm, which is often not reported due to fear of retaliation or lack of effective reporting channels. As an example, the study refers to the “Colibrí case” in Facatativá, where repeated acts of obstruction and harm to the health of a female worker were documented. Situations of this nature led to the need for a legal framework materialized in Law 1010 of 2006, which seeks to prevent and sanction workplace harassment. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges, particularly regarding the functioning of mechanisms such as Coexistence Committees
Descripción
Palabras clave
Acoso laboral, Derechos fundamentales, Garantismo constitucional, Sector privado colombiano
