Análisis de las barreras en la reparación integral en a víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Chewing Coy, Mario Sebastian
Carrillo Suárez, Gustavo Rafael
Lozano Bocanegra, Carlos Eduardo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Hay que decir que el desplazamiento armado en Colombia hace representación a una de las tragedias humanitarias más significativas de toda América latina, dejando aproximadamente
8.6 millones de víctimas registradas desde 1985, esto según el registro único de víctimas. Entonces la ley 1448 de 2011 llegó a establecer un marco normativo avanzado para garantizar y hacer efectiva la reparación integral a estas víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia, estableciéndose con base en 5 medidas complementarias o pilares que entran a establecer la forma en como se tiene que dar esa reparación integral, estas medidas son: restitución, indemnización, rehabilitación, satisfacción y garantías de no repetición.
Gracias a este ensayo logramos examinar la ley 1448 de 2011 a profundidad, junto al estudio de sentencias y leyes complementarias que surgieron con posterioridad, y adicionalmente revisamos y expusimos casos emblemáticos que respaldaron nuestro trabajo, nos dieron datos proporcionados por entidades como la unidad para atención y reparación integral para las víctimas, procuraduría general de la nación y la unidad de restitución de tierras. Y estos hallazgos nos arrojaron cifras muy alarmantes que evidenciaron la brecha tan grande que hay entre el marco normativo y su implementación en la práctica, estableciéndolos en porcentajes de la siguiente forma: solo el 30% de las víctimas han recibido indemnización administrativa, solo el 2% de las victimas ha accedido a atención psicosocial y por último, menos del 5% ha tenido restitución de tierras. Adicionalmente a esto, la procuraduría general de la nación en el año 2023 halló un rezago acumulado de $732,100 millones de indemnizaciones que no fueron ejecutadas y procesos que deberían ser resueltos en 2-3 años, se resuelven en 8-10 años e incluso más, lo que es una total contravención al principio de celeridad que establece la ley 1448 de 2011.
It must be said that armed displacement in Colombia represents one of the most significant humanitarian tragedies in all of Latin America, leaving approximately 8.6 million registered victims since 1985, according to the Single Registry of Victims. Law 1448 of 2011 established an advanced legal framework to guarantee and ensure comprehensive reparations for these victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. This framework is based on five complementary measures or pillars that define how this comprehensive reparation must be provided: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Thanks to this study, we were able to examine Law 1448 of 2011 in depth, along with the study of subsequent rulings and complementary laws. Additionally, we reviewed and presented emblematic cases that supported our work, providing us with data from entities such as the Unit for Comprehensive Victim Assistance and Reparation, the Office of the Attorney General, and the Land Restitution Unit. These findings revealed alarming figures that highlighted the significant gap between the legal framework and its practical implementation, expressed as follows: only 30% of victims have received administrative compensation, only 2% have accessed psychosocial support, and less than 5% have received land restitution. In addition to this, the Attorney General's Office in 2023 found an accumulated backlog of $732.1 billion in compensation that was not executed and processes that should be resolved in 2-3 years, are resolved in 8-10 years and even more, which is a total contravention of the principle of celerity established by Law 1448 of 2011.
It must be said that armed displacement in Colombia represents one of the most significant humanitarian tragedies in all of Latin America, leaving approximately 8.6 million registered victims since 1985, according to the Single Registry of Victims. Law 1448 of 2011 established an advanced legal framework to guarantee and ensure comprehensive reparations for these victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. This framework is based on five complementary measures or pillars that define how this comprehensive reparation must be provided: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Thanks to this study, we were able to examine Law 1448 of 2011 in depth, along with the study of subsequent rulings and complementary laws. Additionally, we reviewed and presented emblematic cases that supported our work, providing us with data from entities such as the Unit for Comprehensive Victim Assistance and Reparation, the Office of the Attorney General, and the Land Restitution Unit. These findings revealed alarming figures that highlighted the significant gap between the legal framework and its practical implementation, expressed as follows: only 30% of victims have received administrative compensation, only 2% have accessed psychosocial support, and less than 5% have received land restitution. In addition to this, the Attorney General's Office in 2023 found an accumulated backlog of $732.1 billion in compensation that was not executed and processes that should be resolved in 2-3 years, are resolved in 8-10 years and even more, which is a total contravention of the principle of celerity established by Law 1448 of 2011.
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Palabras clave
Desplazamiento forzado, Cifras, Reparación integral, Victimas del conflicto armado, Ley 1448 de 2011, Barreras administrativas, Indemnización, SNARIV
