Incidencia del género en la comisión del delito de violencia intrafamiliar en el municipio de Puerto Colombia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Fernández Álvarez, Sara De La Torcoroma
Peña Hurtado, Humberto Manuel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La violencia intrafamiliar es un problema global que persiste en Colombia, similar a otras regiones latinoamericanas, donde es tratada como un asunto de salud pública debido a los factores culturales, socioeconómicos y de género que la configuran. En el contexto colombiano, la legislación y las políticas públicas se enfrentan al desafío de incluir una perspectiva de género que contemple no solo la victimización de las mujeres sino también la de los hombres, cuya situación como víctimas sigue siendo menos reconocida. Este estudio se enfoca en analizar la incidencia del género en la violencia intrafamiliar en el municipio de Puerto Colombia durante los años 2022 y 2023, buscando visibilizar tanto a mujeres como a hombres afectados por esta problemática. El objetivo general es comprender cómo el género incide en la violencia intrafamiliar en esta región, abordando aspectos como la caracterización de agresores y víctimas en función de su edad, nivel educativo, ocupación y género. Adicionalmente, se pretende identificar los tipos de violencia más comunes según el género del agresor y la víctima, además de evaluar cómo se manejan y rastrean estos casos entre las instituciones locales. Asimismo, se indaga en patrones y factores de riesgo que inciden en las dinámicas de violencia familiar, aportando elementos para el desarrollo de políticas y programas integrales en este ámbito. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, se optó por un diseño metodológico sociocrítico, con un enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, que permite un análisis en profundidad de los casos registrados en la Comisaría de Familia de Puerto Colombia durante el periodo de estudio. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de fuentes documentales y el análisis de datos estadísticos, combinando técnicas cualitativas que facilitan la comprensión de las experiencias y percepciones de las víctimas de manera contextualizada. Los resultados indican que, aunque la mayoría de las víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar son mujeres, existe un porcentaje significativo de hombres que también son afectados, particularmente en el rango de edad de 18 a 59 años. Los tipos de violencia experimentada varían según el género: las mujeres suelen ser víctimas de violencia física y psicológica, mientras que los hombres, aunque en menor medida, sufren mayormente violencia psicológica y emocional. Se observó que las mujeres agresoras tienden a emplear manipulación emocional y, en ciertos casos, violencia física, mientras que los hombres agresores presentan un perfil de violencia física y económica, e incluso algunos casos de abuso sexual. Este panorama resalta la complejidad de la violencia de género en la violencia intrafamiliar y la importancia de desestigmatizar el papel de la víctima masculina en estos delitos. Finalmente, el estudio concluye que el enfoque tradicional en la violencia de género, enfocado principalmente en las mujeres, deja sin adecuada protección a una proporción considerable de la población masculina. Existen barreras culturales que inhiben a los hombres de denunciar estos hechos, debido al temor al estigma social y a los roles tradicionales que los posicionan mayormente como agresores y no como víctimas. Se subraya, por tanto, la importancia de diseñar rutas de atención y apoyo psicológico que atiendan las necesidades de hombres y mujeres afectados, además de implementar campañas de concienciación que promuevan el reconocimiento de los hombres como víctimas potenciales de la violencia intrafamiliar. En conclusión, este estudio destaca la necesidad urgente de avanzar hacia una legislación y prácticas de atención más inclusivas que reconozcan y protejan a todas las víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar, independientemente de su género, y que contribuyan a una mayor equidad en el acceso a justicia y apoyo institucional.
Domestic violence is a global issue that persists in Colombia, similar to other Latin American regions, where it is addressed as a public health concern due to the cultural, socioeconomic, and gender factors that shape it. In the Colombian context, legislation and public policies face the challenge of including a gender perspective that acknowledges not only the victimization of women but also that of men, whose situation as victims remains less recognized. This study focuses on analyzing the incidence of gender in domestic violence in the municipality of Puerto Colombia during the years 2022 and 2023, aiming to highlight both women and men affected by this problem. The primary objective is to understand how gender influences domestic violence in this region, addressing aspects such as the characterization of aggressors and victims based on their age, educational level, occupation, and gender. Additionally, it seeks to identify the most common types of domestic violence according to the gender of the aggressor and the victim, as well as to evaluate how these cases are managed and tracked among local institutions. The study also examines patterns and risk factors that affect family violence dynamics, providing insights for developing comprehensive policies and programs in this area. To achieve these objectives, a socio-critical methodological design with a qualitative- descriptive approach was selected, allowing for an in-depth analysis of the cases recorded in the Puerto Colombia Family Police Station during the study period. Data collection was conducted through documentary sources and statistical data analysis, combining qualitative techniques that facilitate an understanding of the victims' experiences and perceptions in a contextualized manner. The results indicate that while most domestic violence victims are women, there is a significant percentage of men who are also affected, particularly in the age range of 18 to 59 years. The types of violence experienced vary by gender: women are typically victims of physical and psychological violence, while men, though to a lesser extent, mostly suffer psychological and emotional violence. It was observed that female aggressors tend to employ emotional manipulation and, in some cases, physical violence, while male aggressors display a profile of physical and economic violence, with a few cases of sexual abuse. This landscape highlights the complexity of gender-based violence within domestic violence and the importance of de- stigmatizing the role of the male victim in these crimes. Finally, the study concludes that the traditional approach to gender-based violence, primarily focused on women, inadequately protects a considerable portion of the male population. Cultural barriers discourage men from reporting such incidents due to the fear of social stigma and traditional roles that largely cast them as aggressors rather than victims. Therefore, the importance of designing psychological support and assistance pathways that address the needs of affected men and women is underscored, along with the implementation of awareness campaigns to promote the recognition of men as potential victims of domestic violence. In conclusion, this study highlights the urgent need to move toward more inclusive legislation and care practices that recognize and protect all victims of domestic violence, regardless of gender, and that contribute to greater equity in access to justice and institutional support.
Domestic violence is a global issue that persists in Colombia, similar to other Latin American regions, where it is addressed as a public health concern due to the cultural, socioeconomic, and gender factors that shape it. In the Colombian context, legislation and public policies face the challenge of including a gender perspective that acknowledges not only the victimization of women but also that of men, whose situation as victims remains less recognized. This study focuses on analyzing the incidence of gender in domestic violence in the municipality of Puerto Colombia during the years 2022 and 2023, aiming to highlight both women and men affected by this problem. The primary objective is to understand how gender influences domestic violence in this region, addressing aspects such as the characterization of aggressors and victims based on their age, educational level, occupation, and gender. Additionally, it seeks to identify the most common types of domestic violence according to the gender of the aggressor and the victim, as well as to evaluate how these cases are managed and tracked among local institutions. The study also examines patterns and risk factors that affect family violence dynamics, providing insights for developing comprehensive policies and programs in this area. To achieve these objectives, a socio-critical methodological design with a qualitative- descriptive approach was selected, allowing for an in-depth analysis of the cases recorded in the Puerto Colombia Family Police Station during the study period. Data collection was conducted through documentary sources and statistical data analysis, combining qualitative techniques that facilitate an understanding of the victims' experiences and perceptions in a contextualized manner. The results indicate that while most domestic violence victims are women, there is a significant percentage of men who are also affected, particularly in the age range of 18 to 59 years. The types of violence experienced vary by gender: women are typically victims of physical and psychological violence, while men, though to a lesser extent, mostly suffer psychological and emotional violence. It was observed that female aggressors tend to employ emotional manipulation and, in some cases, physical violence, while male aggressors display a profile of physical and economic violence, with a few cases of sexual abuse. This landscape highlights the complexity of gender-based violence within domestic violence and the importance of de- stigmatizing the role of the male victim in these crimes. Finally, the study concludes that the traditional approach to gender-based violence, primarily focused on women, inadequately protects a considerable portion of the male population. Cultural barriers discourage men from reporting such incidents due to the fear of social stigma and traditional roles that largely cast them as aggressors rather than victims. Therefore, the importance of designing psychological support and assistance pathways that address the needs of affected men and women is underscored, along with the implementation of awareness campaigns to promote the recognition of men as potential victims of domestic violence. In conclusion, this study highlights the urgent need to move toward more inclusive legislation and care practices that recognize and protect all victims of domestic violence, regardless of gender, and that contribute to greater equity in access to justice and institutional support.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Violencia Intrafamiliar, Violencia de Género, Equidad de género, Derechos fundamentales, Identidad de género