Predictores de mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID 19 en la ciudad de Valledupar
Cargando...
Fecha
2023
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El nuevo coronavirus humano afecta principalmente al sistema respiratorio, dando lugar a una enfermedad respiratoria caracterizada por fiebre, tos seca, disnea, fatiga y, en casos graves, puede avanzar hacia neumonía intersticial, distrés respiratorio agudo severo, disfunción renal, sepsis y, en última instancia, la muerte. El 80 % de los pacientes experimenta síntomas leves a nivel respiratorio, mientras que en el 15 % de los casos, el cuadro clínico se torna grave. Un 5 % de las personas requiere atención crítica, siendo el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) la principal causa de mortalidad asociada al SARS-CoV-2. Este síndrome resulta de la interacción del virus con los receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2), liberando su ARN dentro de las células epiteliales, lo que conlleva a su replicación y propagación a células adyacentes. Este proceso provoca una respuesta inflamatoria pulmonar y, en última instancia, limita el intercambio de gases en los alvéolos. El SDRA se caracteriza por ser una inflamación sistémica que afecta de manera evidente los pulmones y otros órganos.
Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los factores predictores de mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en la ciudad de Valledupar.
Metodología: Este estudio epidemiológico es de naturaleza observacional de tipo transversal analítico. La población de estudio está conformada por las historias clínicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 que fueron hospitalizados en las instituciones colaboradoras entre marzo de 2020 y diciembre de 2021. La muestra
se calculó teniendo en cuenta una población de 3193 hospitalizados confirmados para COVID 19, según el Instituto Nacional de Salud, con una frecuencia esperada 8%, con un porcentaje de error de 5%, con un límite de confianza de 95% para un total de muestra de 110 historias clínicas a evaluar.
The new human coronavirus mainly affects the respiratory system, leading to a respiratory illness characterized by fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue and, in severe cases, may progress to interstitial pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress, renal dysfunction, sepsis and, ultimately, death. Eighty percent of patients experience mild respiratory symptoms, while in 15 percent of cases, the clinical picture becomes severe. About 5% of people require critical care, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) being the main cause of morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2. This syndrome results from the interaction of the virus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, releasing its RNA into epithelial cells, which leads to its replication and spread to adjacent cells. This process provokes a pulmonary inflammatory response and ultimately limits gas exchange in the alveoli. ARDS is characterized as a systemic inflammation that clearly affects the lungs and other organs. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of mortality in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the city of Valledupar. Methodology: This is an observational epidemiological study of cross-sectional analytical nature. The study population consists of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the collaborating institutions between March 2020 and December 2021. The sample was calculated taking into account a population of 3193 hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID 19, according to the National Institute of Health, with an expected frequency of 8%, with an error rate of 5%, with a confidence limit of 95% for a total sample of 110 clinical histories to be evaluated.
The new human coronavirus mainly affects the respiratory system, leading to a respiratory illness characterized by fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue and, in severe cases, may progress to interstitial pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress, renal dysfunction, sepsis and, ultimately, death. Eighty percent of patients experience mild respiratory symptoms, while in 15 percent of cases, the clinical picture becomes severe. About 5% of people require critical care, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) being the main cause of morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2. This syndrome results from the interaction of the virus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, releasing its RNA into epithelial cells, which leads to its replication and spread to adjacent cells. This process provokes a pulmonary inflammatory response and ultimately limits gas exchange in the alveoli. ARDS is characterized as a systemic inflammation that clearly affects the lungs and other organs. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of mortality in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the city of Valledupar. Methodology: This is an observational epidemiological study of cross-sectional analytical nature. The study population consists of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the collaborating institutions between March 2020 and December 2021. The sample was calculated taking into account a population of 3193 hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID 19, according to the National Institute of Health, with an expected frequency of 8%, with an error rate of 5%, with a confidence limit of 95% for a total sample of 110 clinical histories to be evaluated.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Covid-19, Hemoglobina, Cloro, Ventilación mecánica, Hemoglobin, Chlorine, Mechanical ventilation
