Terapia cognitivo conductual en el fortalecimiento de la calidad de vida en paciente con esquizofrenia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Velásquez Escobar, Brayan Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la presencia de
síntomas cognitivos, negativos y positivos, que de no ser controlados
oportunamente pueden generar una afectación en la calidad de vida de la persona
que la padece. Pacientes con este diagnóstico tienden a ser más vulnerables por el
impacto social asociado, afectando su autoestima, autonomía y la construcción de
su identidad. Es decir, la esquizofrenia es una fuente de sufrimiento emocional que
genera sentimientos de miedo culpabilidad, rechazo y vergüenza, fundamentada en
falsas percepciones de la enfermedad debido a información insuficiente y confusa
que afecta la calidad de vida de la persona que la padece. En igual sentido, la
calidad de vida, se entiende el bienestar físico, mental y social de la persona, que
es posible alcanzar a través del desarrollo de un adecuado estado de salud. Por lo
anterior, las estrategias en psicoterapia han sido de utilidad, y este estudio de caso
se abordó un paciente diagnosticado con esquizofrenia y demencia no
especificadas, internado en calidad de paciente inimputable en un Hospital de
Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. A partir de los hallazgos clínicos, se propuso un plan
de intervención bajo un diseño de línea de base múltiple A-B-A, dirigido al
fortalecimiento de la calidad de vida en paciente esquizofrénico mediante técnicas
como la exposición, el autoregistro, psicoeducación, entre otras técnicas evaluadas.
Se espera que este tipo de casos tenga continuidad en el programa de
especialización en psicología clínica y se adapte a las necesidades evidenciadas en
el paciente.
Schizophrenia is a disease characterized by the presence of cognitive symptoms, both negative and positive, which if not controlled in a timely manner can have an impact on the quality of life of the person who suffers from it. Patients with this diagnosis tend to be more vulnerable due to the associated social impact, affecting their self-esteem, autonomy and the construction of their identity. That is to say, schizophrenia is a source of emotional suffering that generates feelings of fear, guilt, rejection and shame, based on false perceptions of the disease due to insufficient and confusing information that affects the quality of life of the person who suffers from it. In the same sense, quality of life is understood as the physical, mental and social well-being of the person, which can be achieved through the development of an adequate state of health. Therefore, psychotherapy strategies have been useful, and this case study addressed a patient diagnosed with unspecified schizophrenia and dementia, hospitalized as an unaccountable patient in a Hospital in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. Based on the clinical findings, an intervention plan was proposed under a multiple baseline A-B-A design, aimed at strengthening the quality of life in schizophrenic patients through techniques such as exposure, self-recording, psychoeducation, among other evaluated techniques. It is expected that this type of cases will continue in the specialization program in clinical psychology and will be adapted to the needs evidenced in the patient.
Schizophrenia is a disease characterized by the presence of cognitive symptoms, both negative and positive, which if not controlled in a timely manner can have an impact on the quality of life of the person who suffers from it. Patients with this diagnosis tend to be more vulnerable due to the associated social impact, affecting their self-esteem, autonomy and the construction of their identity. That is to say, schizophrenia is a source of emotional suffering that generates feelings of fear, guilt, rejection and shame, based on false perceptions of the disease due to insufficient and confusing information that affects the quality of life of the person who suffers from it. In the same sense, quality of life is understood as the physical, mental and social well-being of the person, which can be achieved through the development of an adequate state of health. Therefore, psychotherapy strategies have been useful, and this case study addressed a patient diagnosed with unspecified schizophrenia and dementia, hospitalized as an unaccountable patient in a Hospital in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. Based on the clinical findings, an intervention plan was proposed under a multiple baseline A-B-A design, aimed at strengthening the quality of life in schizophrenic patients through techniques such as exposure, self-recording, psychoeducation, among other evaluated techniques. It is expected that this type of cases will continue in the specialization program in clinical psychology and will be adapted to the needs evidenced in the patient.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Esquizofrenia, Inimputable, Calidad de vida, Terapias cognitivo conductual, Demencia
