Prevalencia de las alteraciones psicomotoras en niños de 4 a 8 años en las instituciones que tienen convenio con la Universidad Simón Bolívar
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Fecha
2009
Autores
Bastidas Martínez, Maira
Gaitán Salcedo, Jennifer
González Amaya, Sindy
González Oliveros, Grace
Guerrero, Karina
Quiroz Navarro, Lilibeth
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Hablar de psicomotricidad es conocer de cerca sus génesis y su aplicación en el ámbito educativo y se inició a principios del siglo XX , en relación a la debilidad motriz fue quien impulsó las investigaciones y definió como “síndrome de debilidad motriz”, existiendo ciertas alteraciones psicomotoras entre las cuales encontramos:
Debilidad motriz en donde los niños presentan características torpeza de movimientos (movimientos pobres, dificultad para su realización).
Inestabilidad motriz, el niño es incapaz de mantener un esfuerzo de forma constante, se muestra muy disperso. Suele predominar la hiperactividad y las alteraciones en sus movimientos de coordinación motriz.
Alteraciones del tono, es cuando hay una mala regularización del mismo. Tiene que ver con las variaciones afectivas y con las emociones, entre estas las sincinecias que son movimientos que se realizan de forma involuntaria.
Encontramos también la asomatognosia en donde el niño es incapaz de reconocer y nombrar en su cuerpo alguno de sus partes. De igual forma se presentan trastornos de la literalidad causados por alteraciones en la estructuración espacial y, por tanto en la lectoescritura. Los más frecuentes son: la zurdera contrariada, ambidiestrismo, literalidad cruzada, apraxias infantiles, planopocinesias, cinesias espaciales y dispraxias infantiles.
La estructuración temporal implica la localización del espacio de forma permanente, esto es no sólo la localización en el espacio, sino también la localización en la dimensión del tiempo.
La noción de tiempo, aún hoy una cuestiona filosófica polémica, abarca el tiempo estático.
La estructuración temporal es la clave para la comprensión de los fenómenos psíquicos en el fondo, para la comprensión de todos los procesos de comprensión humana, tanto sensoriales, como simbólicos o cognitivos.
La estructuración temporal está mas elaborada en si misma que la estructuración espacial, ya que trasciende la estimulación sensorial inmediata. Es según esta variable como el cerebro desarrolla sus memorias, con las cuales responde al presente y al futuro a través de las múltiples combinaciones de experiencias anteriores. E l cerebro elabora sistemas funcionales de acuerdo con la dimensión del tiempo, pues juega con las experiencias anteriores, se adapta a las condiciones presentes, predice y anticipa el futuro. La preservación de estos sistemas ilustra
Psychomotor talk is to know about its genesis and its application in education and began in the early twentieth century in relation to motor weakness was the one who drove the research and defined as motor weakness syndrome, have certain psychomotor among whichare: Motor weakness where children clumsiness characteristics (poor movement, difficulty in its execution). Motor instability, the child is unable to maintain a constant effort, is very sparse. Often predominates hyperactivity and alterations in motor coordination movements. Alterations in tone, is when there is a bad adjustment thereof. It's about emotional changes and emotions, among these are the sincinecias movements are performed involuntarily. Asomatognosia also found where the child is unable to recognize and name some of his body parts. Likewise is the literal disorders caused by alterations in the spatial structure and thus in literacy. The most common are: the disgruntled left-handedness, ambidexterity, cross literalness, apraxia Child planopocinesias, Kinesias space and dyspraxia for children. The temporal structuring involves the location of the space permanently, this is not only the location in space but also the location in the dimension of time. The notion of time, still today a controversial philosophical questions, covers the static time. The temporary structure is the key to the understanding of psychic phenomena in the background for understanding all the processes of human understanding, both sensory and symbolic or cognitive. The temporary structure is more elaborate in itself that the spatial structure, it transcends the immediate sensory stimulation. It is according to this variable as the brain develops its reports, with them responding to the present and future through the many combinations of previous experiences. T brain functional systems developed according to the dimension of time, then plays with past experience, fits the present conditions, predicts and anticipates the future. The preservation of these systems illustrates the complex organization that the brain needs time to prepare their activities.
Psychomotor talk is to know about its genesis and its application in education and began in the early twentieth century in relation to motor weakness was the one who drove the research and defined as motor weakness syndrome, have certain psychomotor among whichare: Motor weakness where children clumsiness characteristics (poor movement, difficulty in its execution). Motor instability, the child is unable to maintain a constant effort, is very sparse. Often predominates hyperactivity and alterations in motor coordination movements. Alterations in tone, is when there is a bad adjustment thereof. It's about emotional changes and emotions, among these are the sincinecias movements are performed involuntarily. Asomatognosia also found where the child is unable to recognize and name some of his body parts. Likewise is the literal disorders caused by alterations in the spatial structure and thus in literacy. The most common are: the disgruntled left-handedness, ambidexterity, cross literalness, apraxia Child planopocinesias, Kinesias space and dyspraxia for children. The temporal structuring involves the location of the space permanently, this is not only the location in space but also the location in the dimension of time. The notion of time, still today a controversial philosophical questions, covers the static time. The temporary structure is the key to the understanding of psychic phenomena in the background for understanding all the processes of human understanding, both sensory and symbolic or cognitive. The temporary structure is more elaborate in itself that the spatial structure, it transcends the immediate sensory stimulation. It is according to this variable as the brain develops its reports, with them responding to the present and future through the many combinations of previous experiences. T brain functional systems developed according to the dimension of time, then plays with past experience, fits the present conditions, predicts and anticipates the future. The preservation of these systems illustrates the complex organization that the brain needs time to prepare their activities.
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Palabras clave
Estructuración, Alteraciones, Prevalencia, Edad, Psicomotricidad, Espacio temporal, Structure, Alteration, Prevalence, Age, Psychomotor, Temporary space
