La inobservancia del principio de planeación y su implicancia en los contratos estatales de obras públicas en Colombia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Rosenstiehl Pua, Adriana Carolina
De la Rosa Altahona, Adriana Carolina
Brito Uribe, Arlen Yesid
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La contratación estatal en Colombia se rige por principios fundamentales establecidos para asegurar la eficiencia, la transparencia y la responsabilidad en la gestión de recursos públicos, con el fin último de promover el bienestar general y la prosperidad social. Este marco normativo se fundamenta en el Estatuto General de Contratación Estatal (Ley 80 de 1993) y otros decretos reglamentarios vigentes, los cuales han evolucionado para incluir tres principios rectores: economía, transparencia y responsabilidad. Estos principios, junto con los lineamientos de la Constitución Política de 1991, establecen garantías para los ciudadanos en la contratación pública. Uno de los principales desafíos identificados en el régimen de contratación estatal colombiano es la falta de un tratamiento explícito y definido del principio de planeación. Aunque implícitamente presente en el sistema, su ausencia clara en la normativa conduce a interpretaciones subjetivas y a la posibilidad de su omisión en la planificación y ejecución de contratos públicos, particularmente en obras públicas. Este principio es esencial para asegurar que todos los contratos estatales sean resultado de un proceso riguroso de planificación, diseño y evaluación previa, alineados con las necesidades reales y las prioridades del interés público.
En la práctica, la falta de una inclusión explícita del principio de planeación ha llevado a situaciones donde los contratos estatales no cumplen con estándares óptimos de eficiencia y efectividad. El Consejo de Estado, como máximo tribunal en asuntos contenciosos administrativos, ha reiterado la importancia de la planeación desde la etapa precontractual hasta la liquidación del contrato, subrayando que esta debe ser una guía constante para garantizar que los contratos estatales cumplan con sus objetivos de manera eficaz.
El principio de planeación no solo se refiere a la necesidad de prever y gestionar adecuadamente los recursos y riesgos asociados a los contratos públicos, sino que también busca asegurar que estos contratos se ejecuten dentro de los plazos establecidos y con los recursos suficientes para cumplir con las expectativas de calidad y servicio. Esto es crucial en contratos de obra pública, donde la planificación deficiente puede llevar a retrasos, costos adicionales y resultados insatisfactorios para el interés público. La Ley 80 de 1993 establece los pilares para la contratación pública, pero es en su aplicación práctica donde se evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el principio de planeación. La jurisprudencia ha señalado que la planificación debe ser una tarea rigurosa y detallada, respaldada por estudios técnicos y financieros que justifiquen la viabilidad y la necesidad del contrato. La falta de estos estudios previos adecuados puede llevar a la adjudicación de contratos no fundamentados, aumentando el riesgo de incumplimientos y litigios.
State procurement in Colombia is governed by fundamental principles established to ensure efficiency, transparency and accountability in the management of public resources, with the ultimate aim of promoting general welfare and social prosperity. This normative framework is based on the General Statute of State Contracting (Law 80 of 1993) and other regulatory decrees in force, which have evolved to include three guiding principles: economy, transparency and accountability. These principles, together with the guidelines of the 1991 Constitution, provide guarantees for citizens in public procurement. One of the main challenges identified in the Colombian state contracting regime is the lack of explicit and defined treatment of the planning principle. Although implicitly present in the system, its clear absence in the regulations leads to subjective interpretations and the possibility of its omission in the planning and execution of public contracts, particularly in public works. This principle is essential to ensure that all government contracts are the result of a rigorous process of planning, design and prior assessment, aligned with real needs and public interest priorities. In practice, the lack of explicit inclusion of the planning principle has led to situations where state contracts do not meet optimal standards of efficiency and effectiveness. The Council of State, as the highest court in administrative disputes, has reiterated the importance of planning from the pre-contractual stage to the liquidation of the contract, stressing that this should be a constant guide to ensure that state contracts effectively meet their objectives. The planning principle does not only refer to the need to adequately foresee and manage the resources and risks associated with public contracts, but also seeks to ensure that these contracts are executed within the established deadlines and with sufficient resources to meet quality and service expectations. This is crucial in public works contracts, where poor planning can lead to delays, additional costs and unsatisfactory results in the public interest. Law 80 of 1993 establishes the pillars for public procurement, but it is in its practical application that the need to strengthen the planning principle is evident. Case law has indicated that planning should be a rigorous and detailed task, supported by technical and financial studies that justify the viability and necessity of the contract. The lack of adequate prior studies can lead to the award of unsubstantiated contracts, increasing the risk of non-compliance and litigation.
State procurement in Colombia is governed by fundamental principles established to ensure efficiency, transparency and accountability in the management of public resources, with the ultimate aim of promoting general welfare and social prosperity. This normative framework is based on the General Statute of State Contracting (Law 80 of 1993) and other regulatory decrees in force, which have evolved to include three guiding principles: economy, transparency and accountability. These principles, together with the guidelines of the 1991 Constitution, provide guarantees for citizens in public procurement. One of the main challenges identified in the Colombian state contracting regime is the lack of explicit and defined treatment of the planning principle. Although implicitly present in the system, its clear absence in the regulations leads to subjective interpretations and the possibility of its omission in the planning and execution of public contracts, particularly in public works. This principle is essential to ensure that all government contracts are the result of a rigorous process of planning, design and prior assessment, aligned with real needs and public interest priorities. In practice, the lack of explicit inclusion of the planning principle has led to situations where state contracts do not meet optimal standards of efficiency and effectiveness. The Council of State, as the highest court in administrative disputes, has reiterated the importance of planning from the pre-contractual stage to the liquidation of the contract, stressing that this should be a constant guide to ensure that state contracts effectively meet their objectives. The planning principle does not only refer to the need to adequately foresee and manage the resources and risks associated with public contracts, but also seeks to ensure that these contracts are executed within the established deadlines and with sufficient resources to meet quality and service expectations. This is crucial in public works contracts, where poor planning can lead to delays, additional costs and unsatisfactory results in the public interest. Law 80 of 1993 establishes the pillars for public procurement, but it is in its practical application that the need to strengthen the planning principle is evident. Case law has indicated that planning should be a rigorous and detailed task, supported by technical and financial studies that justify the viability and necessity of the contract. The lack of adequate prior studies can lead to the award of unsubstantiated contracts, increasing the risk of non-compliance and litigation.
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Palabras clave
Contratación estatal, Planeación, Obras públicas, Recursos públicos, Principios rectores, Interés general, Fines esenciales del estado
