Revisión sistemática, educación sexual: Clave en la prevención del embarazo adolescente
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Aldana Parra, Santiago Andrés
Carreño Parra, Juan Pablo
Consuegra Redondo, Edgar David
Fontalvo Galindo, Michael Andrés
Peñaranda Iglesias, Valeri Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
La educación en salud sexual y reproductiva desempeña un papel esencial en la prevención de embarazos adolescentes, un problema que afecta no solo a los jóvenes sino también a la sociedad en general. Para enfrentar este desafío, hemos decidido enfocarnos en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible No.3: Salud y Bienestar (meta 3.7), debido a su potencial para mejorar la vida de las adolescentes y promover su salud y bienestar. Durante la transición de la escuela secundaria a la universidad, los adolescentes adquieren mayor autonomía y responsabilidad en sus decisiones. La información adecuada puede ayudarles a tomar decisiones informadas y responsables. Al ingresar a la universidad, los adolescentes se encuentran en un entorno social diverso, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de enfrentar situaciones que conllevan un mayor riesgo de embarazo no deseado.
El DANE describe el embarazo adolescente como un fenómeno multicausal, que se relaciona con situaciones individuales como el bajo nivel de escolaridad, el desconocimiento de los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva y los métodos de anticoncepción, y la falta de acceso a programas de educación integral para la sexualidad. Asimismo, según las estadísticas, la tasa de embarazo en América Latina y el Caribe es la segunda más alta del mundo (con una estimación de 66,5 nacimientos por cada 1000 niñas entre 15 a 19 años) y es la única región del mundo donde la tendencia de embarazos en adolescentes menores de 15 años está en aumento.
Nuestro estudio utilizó una revisión sistemática para abordar el tema de la educación en adolescentes en las áreas de salud sexual y reproductiva, como elemento fundamental en los esfuerzos por controlar los embarazos adolescentes. Se destaca la importancia de que los adolescentes reciban información de calidad y oportuna. Se diseño y aplicó una encuesta a estudiantes de la USB y entrevistas estructuradas con el departamento de bienestar institucional, y llevamos a cabo un análisis detallado de artículos y redes sociales, ya que determinamos que son una buena fuente potencial de información a la que los adolescentes pueden acceder.
A partir de estos análisis, se identifica una deficiencia en la información sobre salud sexual y reproductiva que reciben los estudiantes de secundaria antes de ingresar a la universidad. Esto subraya la importancia de que reciban una educación adecuada en salud sexual y reproductiva desde edades tempranas y a lo largo de su vida académica.
Sexual and reproductive health plays an essential role in preventing adolescent pregnancy, a problem that affects not only young people but also society as a whole. To address this challenge, we have decided to focus on Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health and Well-Being (target 3.7), because of its potential to improve the lives of adolescent girls and promote their health and well-being. During the transition from high school to college, adolescents gain greater autonomy and responsibility for their decisions. Appropriate information can help them make informed and responsible decisions. Upon entering college, adolescents find themselves in a diverse social environment, which increases the likelihood of facing situations that carry a higher risk of unwanted pregnancy. DANE describes adolescent pregnancy as a multi-causal phenomenon, which is related to individual situations such as low schooling levels, lack of knowledge of sexual and reproductive health services and contraceptive methods, and lack of access to comprehensive sexuality education programs. Likewise, according to statistics, the pregnancy rate in Latin America and the Caribbean is the second highest in the world (with an estimated 66.5 births per 1000 girls between 15 and 19 years of age) and is the only region in the world where the trend of pregnancies in adolescents under 15 years of age is on the rise. Our study used a systematic review to address the issue of adolescent education in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, with the aim of controlling the indicators of teenage pregnancy. We developed a methodological proposal in three phases: information collection, data treatment and analysis, and conclusions and dissemination. As a result, we emphasized the importance of adolescents receiving quality and timely information. In addition, we conducted surveys of USB students and structured interviews with the institutional welfare department, and carried out a detailed analysis of articles and social networks, as we determined that they are a good source of information that adolescents can access. From these analyses, we identified a deficiency in the sexual and reproductive health information that high school students receive before entering college. This underscores the importance of their receiving adequate sexual and reproductive health education from an early age and throughout their academic life.
Sexual and reproductive health plays an essential role in preventing adolescent pregnancy, a problem that affects not only young people but also society as a whole. To address this challenge, we have decided to focus on Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health and Well-Being (target 3.7), because of its potential to improve the lives of adolescent girls and promote their health and well-being. During the transition from high school to college, adolescents gain greater autonomy and responsibility for their decisions. Appropriate information can help them make informed and responsible decisions. Upon entering college, adolescents find themselves in a diverse social environment, which increases the likelihood of facing situations that carry a higher risk of unwanted pregnancy. DANE describes adolescent pregnancy as a multi-causal phenomenon, which is related to individual situations such as low schooling levels, lack of knowledge of sexual and reproductive health services and contraceptive methods, and lack of access to comprehensive sexuality education programs. Likewise, according to statistics, the pregnancy rate in Latin America and the Caribbean is the second highest in the world (with an estimated 66.5 births per 1000 girls between 15 and 19 years of age) and is the only region in the world where the trend of pregnancies in adolescents under 15 years of age is on the rise. Our study used a systematic review to address the issue of adolescent education in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, with the aim of controlling the indicators of teenage pregnancy. We developed a methodological proposal in three phases: information collection, data treatment and analysis, and conclusions and dissemination. As a result, we emphasized the importance of adolescents receiving quality and timely information. In addition, we conducted surveys of USB students and structured interviews with the institutional welfare department, and carried out a detailed analysis of articles and social networks, as we determined that they are a good source of information that adolescents can access. From these analyses, we identified a deficiency in the sexual and reproductive health information that high school students receive before entering college. This underscores the importance of their receiving adequate sexual and reproductive health education from an early age and throughout their academic life.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo adolescente, Prevención del embarazo adolescente, Tasa de fecundidad en adolescentes, Educación de adolescentes, Teenage pregnancy, Prevention of teenage pregnancy, Adolescent fertility rate, Adolescent education