Intervenciones desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento del consumo problemático de sustancias psicoactivas en adultos mayores: una revisión de avances investigativos
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Esparragoza Maestre, Elisa Del Carmen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es considerado un problema de salud pública a nivel global debido a las consecuencias y efectos negativos en la vida de las personas. Aunque los grupos etarios asociados a esta problemática son los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, en la actualidad, las investigaciones han evidenciado la presencia de esta problemática en el ciclo evolutivo de la vejez. Por lo que la presente monografía tiene como objetivo identificar los avances investigativos en las intervenciones desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento del consumo problemático de sustancias psicoactivas en adultos mayores. Por tanto, se empleó una búsqueda de revisión bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos EBSCO donde se identificaron 36 artículos en un periodo comprendido desde 2017 a 2023. Los artículos identificados se revisaron teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Del total de artículos identificados se incluyeron 11 en la revisión. Dentro de los resultados se corroboró que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública, por lo cual entidades como la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas trabajan para implementar políticas que contribuyan a la mejora del bienestar y calidad de vida de estas personas. Así mismo, en cuanto a las intervenciones que se analizaron en los artículos, se encontró que se emplean estrategias diversas para abordar este problema, como los son habilidades de afrontamientos, control de ira, regulación emocional, reestructuración cognitiva, habilidades sociales, programas de salud conductual, programas sanitarios, atención primaria geriátrica, programa para consumidores sin hogar, entre otras que contribuyen a la reducción del consumo y a la prevención de recaídas. Estos hallazgos ponen en evidencia la necesidad de seguir profundizando en estos estudios y trabajos investigativos que potencien cada día más la eficacia de estas intervenciones en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los adultos
mayores, puesto que, como población vulnerable requiere de tratamientos óptimos y garantizados para el manejo de esta problemática de salud mental.
The purpose of this monograph is to identify the works carried out in scientific research focused on the evidence associated with interventions from psychology in older adults aged 60 years and older who are in the consumption of psychoactive substances. Therefore, a literature review search was employed using databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, PROQUEST, EBSCO, Redalyc and Scielo, which was synthesized in 36 articles, to be found in a period from 2017 to 2024. The research reviewed in the articles were chosen taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were relevant to the topic of study. In which it was found that the consumption of psychoactive substances is a public health problem, for which entities such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations work to implement policies that contribute to the improvement of the welfare and quality of life of these people. Likewise, regarding the interventions that were analyzed in the articles, it was found that various strategies are used to address this problem, such as coping skills, anger management, emotional regulation, cognitive restructuring, social skills, behavioral health programs, health programs, geriatric primary care, program for homeless consumers, among others that contribute to the reduction of consumption and relapse prevention. At the same time, it is important to continue to deepen these studies and research work to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions in the consumption of psychoactive substances in older adults, since, as a vulnerable population, they require optimal and guaranteed treatments for the management of substance use disorders.
The purpose of this monograph is to identify the works carried out in scientific research focused on the evidence associated with interventions from psychology in older adults aged 60 years and older who are in the consumption of psychoactive substances. Therefore, a literature review search was employed using databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, PROQUEST, EBSCO, Redalyc and Scielo, which was synthesized in 36 articles, to be found in a period from 2017 to 2024. The research reviewed in the articles were chosen taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were relevant to the topic of study. In which it was found that the consumption of psychoactive substances is a public health problem, for which entities such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations work to implement policies that contribute to the improvement of the welfare and quality of life of these people. Likewise, regarding the interventions that were analyzed in the articles, it was found that various strategies are used to address this problem, such as coping skills, anger management, emotional regulation, cognitive restructuring, social skills, behavioral health programs, health programs, geriatric primary care, program for homeless consumers, among others that contribute to the reduction of consumption and relapse prevention. At the same time, it is important to continue to deepen these studies and research work to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions in the consumption of psychoactive substances in older adults, since, as a vulnerable population, they require optimal and guaranteed treatments for the management of substance use disorders.
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Palabras clave
Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, Adulto mayor, Intervención, Psicología, Drogodependencia, Trastornos adictivos, Psychoactive substance use, Older adults, Intervention, Psychology, Drug dependence, Addictive disorders