Analgesia intravenosa con bombas elastoméricas para manejo del dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos ambulatorios de cirugía plástica en una institución de salud durante el año 2024
Cargando...
Fecha
2024
Autores
Yacelga Rosero, Yenifer Jimena
Ibarra Prins, Juan Andrés
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: Los procedimientos de cirugía plástica buscan mejorar la apariencia estética y corregir defectos congénitos o adquiridos. La gestión del dolor postoperatorio es crucial para asegurar la pronta recuperación del paciente. Se ha reportado que más del 80% de los pacientes manifiestan dolor luego de una cirugía, menos de la mitad logran un adecuado alivio del dolor; al tiempo que al menos uno de cada cinco pacientes lo describe como severo y se hace necesario el empleo de medicación analgésica de rescate (16). En ese sentido, la analgesia intravenosa ambulatoria con bombas elastoméricas ha surgido como una opción prometedora para el control del dolor, permitiendo una liberación controlada de analgésicos durante un periodo de tiempo determinado. Sin embargo, existen interrogantes y áreas por mejorar en relación con esta modalidad de analgesia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía plástica por lo que resulta un importante motivo de investigación.
Objetivo: Caracterizar la analgesia intravenosa en pacientes sometidas a procedimientos ambulatorios de cirugía plástica con el uso de bombas elastoméricas en una institución de salud durante el año 2024.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, para evaluar la intensidad del dolor posoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos ambulatorios de cirugía plástica con el uso de bombas elastoméricas en una institución de salud durante el año 2024. Se excluyeron pacientes con consumo de analgésicos previos por fibromialgias, dolores lumbares, radiculopatías; con consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, de medicamentos para trastornos psiquiátricos, alérgicos a AINES, IMC > 31, y con limitaciones cognitivas o de la esfera mental que pudiesen afectar la comprensión del estudio.
Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 33,9 años, con una desviación estándar de 6,9 años; 97,2% eran mujeres y la liposucción se realizó en 97,2% de los casos. Conforme avanzaron las horas, se observó una disminución ostensible en la intensidad del dolor, 34,9% de los pacientes no requirieron analgesia adicional. Con respecto a la edad no se encontró diferencias significativas relacionadas con el uso de analgesia adicional, en cuanto al tipo de procedimiento la liposucción más mamoplastia y abdominoplastia requirió mayor intervención analgésica; Referente a la presencia de efectos adversos no se encontró relación directa con la edad, no obstante, el grupo que en el que se realizó liposucción más abdominoplastia evidencio mayor presencia de efectos secundarios.
Conclusión: El dolor postoperatorio fue disminuyendo en su intensidad conforme avanzaron las horas, lo cual se puede atribuir a la analgesia brindada por las bombas elastoméricas y su efectividad en este tipo de procedimientos. Es necesario administrar esquemas de tratamiento personalizados y continuar con esta línea de investigación.
Introduction: Plastic surgery procedures seek to improve aesthetic appearance and correct congenital or acquired defects. Postoperative pain management is crucial to ensure the patient's speedy recovery. It has been reported that more than 80% of patients report pain after surgery, less than half achieve adequate pain relief; At the same time, at least one in five patients describes it as severe and the use of rescue analgesic medication is necessary (1,2). In this sense, ambulatory intravenous analgesia with elastomeric pumps has emerged as a promising option for pain control, allowing a controlled release of analgesics over a certain period of time. However, there are questions and areas for improvement in relation to this modality of analgesia in patients undergoing plastic surgery, which is why it is an important reason for research. Objective: To characterize intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing outpatient plastic surgery procedures with the use of elastomeric pumps in a health institution during the year 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the intensity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing outpatient plastic surgery procedures with the use of elastomeric pumps in a health institution during the year 2024. patients with previous analgesic consumption for fibromyalgia, lower back pain, radiculopathies; patients with consumption of psychoactive substances, consumption of medications for psychiatric disorders, allergic to NSAIDs, BMI > 31, and with cognitive or mental limitations that could affect the understanding of the study. Results: The average age was 33.9 years, with a standard deviation of 6.9 years; 97.2% were women and liposuction was performed in 97.2% of cases. As the hours progressed, a noticeable decrease in pain intensity was observed; 34.9% of patients did not require additional analgesia. With respect to age, no significant differences were found related to the use of additional analgesia; regarding the type of procedure, liposuction plus mammoplasty and abdominoplasty required greater analgesic intervention; Regarding the presence of adverse effects, no direct relationship was found with age; however, the group that underwent liposuction plus abdominoplasty showed a greater presence of side effects. Conclusion: The postoperative pain decreased in intensity as the hours progressed, which can be attributed to the analgesia provided by the elastomeric pumps and their effectiveness in this type of procedures. It is necessary to administer personalized treatment schemes and continue with this line of research.
Introduction: Plastic surgery procedures seek to improve aesthetic appearance and correct congenital or acquired defects. Postoperative pain management is crucial to ensure the patient's speedy recovery. It has been reported that more than 80% of patients report pain after surgery, less than half achieve adequate pain relief; At the same time, at least one in five patients describes it as severe and the use of rescue analgesic medication is necessary (1,2). In this sense, ambulatory intravenous analgesia with elastomeric pumps has emerged as a promising option for pain control, allowing a controlled release of analgesics over a certain period of time. However, there are questions and areas for improvement in relation to this modality of analgesia in patients undergoing plastic surgery, which is why it is an important reason for research. Objective: To characterize intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing outpatient plastic surgery procedures with the use of elastomeric pumps in a health institution during the year 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the intensity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing outpatient plastic surgery procedures with the use of elastomeric pumps in a health institution during the year 2024. patients with previous analgesic consumption for fibromyalgia, lower back pain, radiculopathies; patients with consumption of psychoactive substances, consumption of medications for psychiatric disorders, allergic to NSAIDs, BMI > 31, and with cognitive or mental limitations that could affect the understanding of the study. Results: The average age was 33.9 years, with a standard deviation of 6.9 years; 97.2% were women and liposuction was performed in 97.2% of cases. As the hours progressed, a noticeable decrease in pain intensity was observed; 34.9% of patients did not require additional analgesia. With respect to age, no significant differences were found related to the use of additional analgesia; regarding the type of procedure, liposuction plus mammoplasty and abdominoplasty required greater analgesic intervention; Regarding the presence of adverse effects, no direct relationship was found with age; however, the group that underwent liposuction plus abdominoplasty showed a greater presence of side effects. Conclusion: The postoperative pain decreased in intensity as the hours progressed, which can be attributed to the analgesia provided by the elastomeric pumps and their effectiveness in this type of procedures. It is necessary to administer personalized treatment schemes and continue with this line of research.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Analgesia, Dolor postquirúrgico, Cirugía plástica, Atención ambulatoria, Bombas elastoméricas
