El consumo de fibra dietética está inversamente asociado con el estado nutricional antropométrico y con los componentes del Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes
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Fecha
2018-07-15
Autores
Souki, Aida
García, Doris
Parra, Andrea
Valbuena, Maria
Araujo, Sylvia
Ruiz, Gabriel
Chávez, Mervin
Vega, Marinela
Vargas, Maria
Medina, Mayerlim
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Editor
Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertención
Resumen
Objetivo. Investigar la posible asociación entre el consumo
de fibra y el estado nutricional antropométrico en niños
y adolescentes, así como con la presencia de síndrome
metabólico (SM) y sus componentes individuales.
Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal
que contó con una muestra de 298 niños y adolescentes
de ambos géneros (149 obesos) seleccionados al azar de
10 a 17 años de edad. A todos se les realizó evaluación
clínica, bioquímica, antropométrica y dietética. El examen
físico incluyó verificación del estadio puberal y toma de
tensión arterial (TA). El estado nutricional antropométrico
se determinó utilizando el peso y la talla para calcular el
índice de masa corporal y se midió la circunferencia de
cintura; para la evaluación dietética se empleó un cuestionario
de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. La evaluación
bioquímica incluyó la determinación de los niveles de
glucosa (GliB), insulina basal (InsB) y lípidos plasmáticos.
Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS para
Windows, se aplicó la prueba t de Student, ANOVA de
un factor, la prueba de correlación de Pearson y Chi2 de
Pearson según el caso, considerándose significativos los
valores de p<0,05.
Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias (p<0,05) entre
eutróficos y obesos para todas las variables analizadas a
excepción de la GliB; al comparar los obesos con y sin SM,
se observaron diferencias (p<0,05) para todas las variables,
menos para la edad, GliB y Colesterol total. El 26,2%
de los sujetos obesos presentó SM. El consumo de fibra de
todos los grupos estuvo debajo de las recomendaciones
de la OMS y la fuente principal fueron los cereales. También
se evidenció diferencia en el consumo de fibra entre
obesos y eutróficos (p<0,034), pero no entre obesos con y
sin SM. Se encontró correlación inversa entre el consumo
de fibra total e IMC, CC, TA y GliB (p<0,05) y entre la fibra
procedente de frutas con el IMC, CC, TA, GliB, InsB y los
triacilgliceridos (p<0,05), pero positiva entre la fibra procedente
de vegetales y el IMC, CC e InsB (p<0,05).
Conclusiones. El menor consumo de fibra se asocia con
mayor presencia de obesidad y componentes de SM y la
ingesta diaria de frutas parece incidir de forma positiva
sobre la salud metabólica de niños y adolescentes.
Objective. To investigate the association between fiber consumption and anthropometric nutritional status, of metabolic syndrome (SM) and its individual components, in subjects of pediatric age. Materials and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed with a randomly selected sample of 298 children and adolescents of both genders (149 obese) and 10 to 17 years of age. All of them underwent clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and dietetic evaluation. Physical examination included pubertal stage verification and arterial blood pressure (TA).The anthropometrical nutritional status was determined using the weight and height to calculate the BMI and the waist circumference (CC) was also measured; a food consumption frequency questionnaire was used for the dietary evaluation. The biochemical evaluation included the determination of basal glucose (GliB), insulin (InsB) and plasmatic lipids levels. For the statistical analysis the SPSS program for Windows was used, the t-Student, one ANOVA factor, Pearson correlation and Pearson’s Chi2 test were applied, considering the values of p<0.05 to be significant. Results. Differences were found (p<0.05) between eutrophic and obese for all variables analyzed with the exception of the GliB; when comparing obese with and without SM, differences were observed (p<0.05) for all parameters except for the age, GliB and total cholesterol. The 26.2% of obese subjects presented SM. The consumption of fiber of all groups was below the WHO’s recommendations and the main source were cereals. Also was evident difference in the consumption of fiber between obese and eutrophic (p<0,034), but not between obese individuals with and without SM. An inverse correlation between total fiber consumption and BMI, CC, TA and GliB (p<0.05) was found and between the fiber from fruits with BMI, CC, TA, GliB, InsB and triacilgliceridos (p<0.05), but positive between the fiber from vegetables and BMI, CC and InsB (p<0.05). Conclusions. A lower fiber consumption is associated with obesity and SM components Daily intake of fruits seems to exhibit a positive impact on the metabolic health of children and adolescents.
Objective. To investigate the association between fiber consumption and anthropometric nutritional status, of metabolic syndrome (SM) and its individual components, in subjects of pediatric age. Materials and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed with a randomly selected sample of 298 children and adolescents of both genders (149 obese) and 10 to 17 years of age. All of them underwent clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and dietetic evaluation. Physical examination included pubertal stage verification and arterial blood pressure (TA).The anthropometrical nutritional status was determined using the weight and height to calculate the BMI and the waist circumference (CC) was also measured; a food consumption frequency questionnaire was used for the dietary evaluation. The biochemical evaluation included the determination of basal glucose (GliB), insulin (InsB) and plasmatic lipids levels. For the statistical analysis the SPSS program for Windows was used, the t-Student, one ANOVA factor, Pearson correlation and Pearson’s Chi2 test were applied, considering the values of p<0.05 to be significant. Results. Differences were found (p<0.05) between eutrophic and obese for all variables analyzed with the exception of the GliB; when comparing obese with and without SM, differences were observed (p<0.05) for all parameters except for the age, GliB and total cholesterol. The 26.2% of obese subjects presented SM. The consumption of fiber of all groups was below the WHO’s recommendations and the main source were cereals. Also was evident difference in the consumption of fiber between obese and eutrophic (p<0,034), but not between obese individuals with and without SM. An inverse correlation between total fiber consumption and BMI, CC, TA and GliB (p<0.05) was found and between the fiber from fruits with BMI, CC, TA, GliB, InsB and triacilgliceridos (p<0.05), but positive between the fiber from vegetables and BMI, CC and InsB (p<0.05). Conclusions. A lower fiber consumption is associated with obesity and SM components Daily intake of fruits seems to exhibit a positive impact on the metabolic health of children and adolescents.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Fibra dietética, Consumo de frutas, Síndrome metabólico, Obesidad, Niños y adolescentes, Dietary fiber, Fruit consumption, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Children and adolescents