Aspectos que inciden en el proceso de acompañamiento psicosocial en las familias con pacientes que enfrentan enfermedades terminales en la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Ascanio Soto, Wendy Vanesa
Espinosa Espinosa, Mileidy Sulbey
Fonseca Anaya, Danna Camila
Granados Vera, Mariangel
Ortega Boada, Paula Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este proyecto de investigación analiza los aspectos que inciden en el acompañamiento psicosocial a familias de pacientes con enfermedades terminales en Cúcuta. Se parte del reconocimiento de que estas enfermedades afectan no solo al paciente, sino también al entorno familiar, generando impactos emocionales, sociales, económicos y relacionales. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a familiares, permitiendo explorar vivencias, emociones y estrategias durante el proceso de acompañamiento.
El análisis permitió estructurar tres categorías: Familia, Afectaciones psicosociales y Redes de apoyo. En Familia, se identificaron transformaciones en las dinámicas del hogar, con sobrecarga para algunos cuidadores y distanciamiento de otros, generando tensiones o fortaleciendo vínculos. En Afectaciones psicosociales, se evidenció un fuerte impacto emocional en los cuidadores, con sentimientos de tristeza, ansiedad, miedo y desgaste, además de duelo anticipado y aislamiento, en muchos casos sin acompañamiento profesional. En Redes de apoyo, se encontró una débil respuesta institucional, con barreras de acceso a servicios, lo que obliga a las familias a gestionar soluciones, a veces por vías legales. El respaldo de amigos o vecinos fue limitado, situando a la familia como el principal sostén emocional y organizativo.
Se concluye que el acompañamiento psicosocial sigue siendo una deuda desde el sistema de salud y la política pública. Se proponen estrategias como el fortalecimiento de programas institucionales, el abordaje familiar desde el Trabajo Social, la formación en trato humanizado y campañas comunitarias de sensibilización, orientadas a promover un acompañamiento más humano y comprensivo.
This research project analyzes the factors that influence psychosocial support for families of patients with terminal illnesses in Cúcuta. It starts from the recognition that terminal illnesses affect not only the patient but also their family environment, generating emotional, social, economic, and relational impacts. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members to explore their experiences, emotions, and coping strategies throughout the caregiving process. The analysis identified three main categories: Family, Psychosocial Impact, and Support Networks. In the Family category, significant changes were observed in household dynamics, with some members assuming caregiving responsibilities with physical and emotional overload, while others distanced themselves—resulting in either strengthened bonds or increased tensions. In Psychosocial Impact, caregivers reported strong emotional burdens, including sadness, anxiety, fear, and exhaustion, often experiencing anticipatory grief and social isolation, frequently without professional support. The Support Networks category revealed weak institutional responses and barriers to accessing services, forcing families to navigate solutions independently, sometimes through legal means. Community support was limited, positioning the family as the primary emotional and organizational support system. The findings conclude that psychosocial support in terminal illness contexts remains an unresolved issue in the healthcare system and public policy. Proposed strategies include strengthening institutional programs, integrating family-focused social work, training professionals in humanized care, and developing community campaigns to raise awareness. These efforts aim to promote a more humane, compassionate, and comprehensive approach for those accompanying a loved one through the final stage of life.
This research project analyzes the factors that influence psychosocial support for families of patients with terminal illnesses in Cúcuta. It starts from the recognition that terminal illnesses affect not only the patient but also their family environment, generating emotional, social, economic, and relational impacts. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members to explore their experiences, emotions, and coping strategies throughout the caregiving process. The analysis identified three main categories: Family, Psychosocial Impact, and Support Networks. In the Family category, significant changes were observed in household dynamics, with some members assuming caregiving responsibilities with physical and emotional overload, while others distanced themselves—resulting in either strengthened bonds or increased tensions. In Psychosocial Impact, caregivers reported strong emotional burdens, including sadness, anxiety, fear, and exhaustion, often experiencing anticipatory grief and social isolation, frequently without professional support. The Support Networks category revealed weak institutional responses and barriers to accessing services, forcing families to navigate solutions independently, sometimes through legal means. Community support was limited, positioning the family as the primary emotional and organizational support system. The findings conclude that psychosocial support in terminal illness contexts remains an unresolved issue in the healthcare system and public policy. Proposed strategies include strengthening institutional programs, integrating family-focused social work, training professionals in humanized care, and developing community campaigns to raise awareness. These efforts aim to promote a more humane, compassionate, and comprehensive approach for those accompanying a loved one through the final stage of life.
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Palabras clave
Acompañamiento psicosocial, Familia, Enfermedad terminal, Redes de apoyo, Trabajo Social
