Gestión jurídica eficiente de procedimientos disciplinarios sancionatorios en la reforma laboral del 2025
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Asprilla Redondo, Daniela
Rivas Escobar, María José
Lopez Sierra, Sheyla Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este trabajo desarrolla un análisis integral, histórico y normativo del procedimiento sancionatorio disciplinario en el ámbito laboral colombiano, destacando la manera en que este ha evolucionado desde modelos tradicionales centrados en la potestad unilateral del empleador, hasta configurarse como un sistema jurídico impregnado por los principios constitucionales del debido proceso, la dignidad humana y la garantía de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador. A partir del artículo 29 de la Constitución Política, la investigación demuestra que el poder disciplinario no constituye un derecho absoluto, sino una facultad limitada, reglada y sometida a estrictos controles materiales y procedimentales que buscan evitar arbitrariedades y equilibrar las relaciones laborales dentro del sector privado.
El estudio incorpora un análisis doctrinal que articula aportes clásicos, especialmente los de Mario de la Cueva y Américo Plá Rodríguez, quienes sentaron las bases del entendimiento del poder disciplinario como una manifestación del contrato de trabajo y no como una potestad soberana. A esta base se integran los desarrollos de la doctrina contemporánea entre ellos Gamonal Contreras, Ibarra Pardo, Ermida Uriarte y Montoya Melgar que plantean la necesidad de comprender el procedimiento disciplinario como un ámbito en el que confluyen el derecho laboral, el derecho constitucional y los estándares internacionales de protección del trabajo decente. Ello permite evidenciar la transición doctrinal de un derecho disciplinario fundamentado en la subordinación, hacia un modelo orientado por garantías reforzadas, transparencia, razonabilidad y respeto a la defensa.
This work presents a comprehensive, historical, and normative analysis of the disciplinary sanctioning procedure within the Colombian labor context, emphasizing its evolution from traditional models centered on the employer’s unilateral authority toward a legal system shaped by constitutional principles such as due process, human dignity, and the protection of workers’ fundamental rights. Based on Article 29 of the Colombian Constitution, the study demonstrates that disciplinary power is not an absolute right but a limited and regulated faculty subject to strict material and procedural controls designed to prevent arbitrariness and to balance labor relations in the private sector. The study incorporates a doctrinal examination that integrates classical contributions—particularly those of Mario de la Cueva and Américo Plá Rodríguez, who established the foundational understanding of disciplinary power as an expression of the employment contract rather than a sovereign prerogative. To this foundation, the work adds contemporary doctrinal developments by authors such as Gamonal Contreras, Ibarra Pardo, Ermida Uriarte, and Montoya Melgar, who argue that the disciplinary procedure must be understood as an area where labor law, constitutional law, and international standards on decent work converge. This framework highlights the doctrinal transition from a disciplinary model rooted in subordination to one guided by reinforced guarantees, transparency, reasonableness, and respect for the right of defense.
This work presents a comprehensive, historical, and normative analysis of the disciplinary sanctioning procedure within the Colombian labor context, emphasizing its evolution from traditional models centered on the employer’s unilateral authority toward a legal system shaped by constitutional principles such as due process, human dignity, and the protection of workers’ fundamental rights. Based on Article 29 of the Colombian Constitution, the study demonstrates that disciplinary power is not an absolute right but a limited and regulated faculty subject to strict material and procedural controls designed to prevent arbitrariness and to balance labor relations in the private sector. The study incorporates a doctrinal examination that integrates classical contributions—particularly those of Mario de la Cueva and Américo Plá Rodríguez, who established the foundational understanding of disciplinary power as an expression of the employment contract rather than a sovereign prerogative. To this foundation, the work adds contemporary doctrinal developments by authors such as Gamonal Contreras, Ibarra Pardo, Ermida Uriarte, and Montoya Melgar, who argue that the disciplinary procedure must be understood as an area where labor law, constitutional law, and international standards on decent work converge. This framework highlights the doctrinal transition from a disciplinary model rooted in subordination to one guided by reinforced guarantees, transparency, reasonableness, and respect for the right of defense.
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Palabras clave
Proceso disciplinario laboral, Audiencia de descargos, Debido proceso, Reforma laboral
