Efectividad de la facoemulsificación en pacientes con ángulo estrecho en una clínica de referencia en Colombia: Estudio retrospectivo 2019 a 2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Fernández Motta, Carolina
Alandete Amell, Ángela María
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El glaucoma es una neuropatía óptica progresiva, siendo una de las
principales causas de ceguera irreversible a nivel mundial. Específicamente, el
glaucoma de ángulo cerrado se caracteriza por la estrechez del ángulo iridocorneal,
lo que puede provocar un aumento de la presión intraocular; en estos casos, la
cirugía de catarata podría resultar beneficiosa, ya que contribuye a ampliar dicho
ángulo y mejorar el drenaje del humor acuoso. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un
estudio cuasi experimental, retrospectivo y unicéntrico en una clínica de referencia,
incluyendo 35 ojos de 21 pacientes con ángulo estrecho, dentro de los que se
incluyeran los diagnósticos de: sospecha de glaucoma con ángulo estrecho,
sospecha de cierre angular primario, cierre angular primario o Glaucoma primario
de ángulo cerrado (GPAC), los cuales debían tener PIO ≥ 24 mmHg y ser sometidos
a facoemulsificación entre 2019 y 2024. Se evaluó la efectividad de dicho
procedimiento, mediante la evaluación de la apertura angular mediante gonioscopia
(clasificación de Shaffer), y el adecuado control y cambios en la presión intraocular
(PIO). Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas, con un
valor de significación de p < 0.05. Resultados: Tras la cirugía, se observó una
mejora significativa en la apertura angular, una reducción sostenida de la PIO y una
menor necesidad de tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusión: La facoemulsificación
resulta efectiva en la mayoría de los pacientes con ángulo estrecho.
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Specifically, angle-closure glaucoma is characterized by narrowing of the iridocorneal angle, which may lead to increased intraocular pressure (IOP); in such cases, cataract surgery may be beneficial, as it helps to widen the angle and improve aqueous humor outflow. Methods: A quasi experimental, retrospective, and single-center study was conducted at a referral clinic, including 35 eyes from 21 patients with narrow angles, encompassing the following diagnoses: suspected glaucoma with narrow angle, suspected primary angle closure, primary angle closure, or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). All included cases had IOP ≥ 24 mmHg and underwent phacoemulsification between 2019 and 2024. The effectiveness of the procedure was assessed by evaluating angle width through gonioscopy (Shaffer classification) and monitoring appropriate control and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP). Both parametric and non parametric statistical tests were applied, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Following surgery, a significant improvement in angle width, a sustained reduction in IOP, and a decreased need for pharmacological treatment were observed. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is effective in the majority of patients with narrow angles.
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Specifically, angle-closure glaucoma is characterized by narrowing of the iridocorneal angle, which may lead to increased intraocular pressure (IOP); in such cases, cataract surgery may be beneficial, as it helps to widen the angle and improve aqueous humor outflow. Methods: A quasi experimental, retrospective, and single-center study was conducted at a referral clinic, including 35 eyes from 21 patients with narrow angles, encompassing the following diagnoses: suspected glaucoma with narrow angle, suspected primary angle closure, primary angle closure, or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). All included cases had IOP ≥ 24 mmHg and underwent phacoemulsification between 2019 and 2024. The effectiveness of the procedure was assessed by evaluating angle width through gonioscopy (Shaffer classification) and monitoring appropriate control and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP). Both parametric and non parametric statistical tests were applied, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Following surgery, a significant improvement in angle width, a sustained reduction in IOP, and a decreased need for pharmacological treatment were observed. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is effective in the majority of patients with narrow angles.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ángulo estrecho, Sospecha de glaucoma, Sospecha de cierre angular, Cierre angular, Glaucoma de ángulo cerrado, Facoemulsificación, Presión intraocular, Gonioscopia
