Factores sociales que inciden en la legalización de asentamientos humanos en la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Patiño Rojas, Lleyver Enrique
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El crecimiento de las ciudades ha estado caracterizado por procesos informales de
urbanización y de producción residencial (Opción Legal, 2018), causados por una serie de factores
que pasa desde una gobernanza deficiente, vulnerabilidad económica, desplazamiento, entre otros.
(ONU, 2015). Sin embargo, varios estudios (Acosta, 2019; Di Croce Garay, 2021; Sarmiento, et
al., 2020) señalan que la acción colectiva no solo aporta a los procesos de conformación y
regularización de asentamientos humanos, sino que además aporta a procesos de mejoramiento
habitacional de los mismos. Dado el beneficio que conlleva la legalización para sus comunidades
y para el Estado, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores sociales que
incidieron en la legalización del Asentamiento Humano María Teresa de Cúcuta, mediante un
estudio interpretativo comprensivo, a fin de diseñar una propuesta que facilite la normalización de
sectores informales. Según lo anterior, el enfoque del estudio es cualitativo, el paradigma es
histórico-hermenéutico y el método es etnometodológico. Las técnicas para obtener información
fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y el grupo focal, resaltando que la información recolectada
se analizó a través de Atlas Ti. La muestra es no probabilística, de tipo muestras típicas, pues se
seleccionarán de manera dirigida a ocho líderes del proceso de legalización. Los resultados
demuestran que en la legalización del asentamiento humano Maria Teresa influyeron factores
sociales como: la identidad comunitaria, participación, autogestión, poder y control y politización. Igualmente, identifica como redes comunitarias e institucionales que contribuyeron al proceso a la
Fundación Techo Mío, comunidad, propietarios y alcaldía. Finalmente, establece una ruta social e
institucional conformada por cuatro etapas: socialización, regularización, legalización y gestión
predial que seguramente orientara a comunidades a sus procesos de normalización.
The growth of cities has been characterized by informal processes of urbanization and residential production (Legal Option, 2018), caused by a series of factors ranging from poor governance, economic vulnerability, displacement, among others. (UN, 2015). However, several studies (Acosta, 2019; Di Croce Garay, 2021; Sarmiento, et al., 2020) indicate that collective action not only contributes to the formation and regularization of human settlements, but also contributes to the housing improvement processes of human settlements. Given the benefit that legalization brings to their communities and to the State, the present research aims to analyze the social factors that influenced the legalization of the Maria Teresa Human Settlement of Cúcuta, through a comprehensive interpretative study, in order to design a proposal that would facilitate the standardisation of informal sectors. With this in mind, the approach of the study is qualitative, the paradigm is historical-hermeneutical and the method is ethnomethodology. Techniques and to obtain information will be the semi-structured interview and the focus group, which collected information will be analyzed through Atlas Ti. The sample is non-probabilistic, typical samples, as they will be selected in a targeted manner to eight leaders of the legalization process. The results show that the legalization of Maria Teresa's human settlement was influenced by social factors such as community identity, participation, self-management, power and control, and politicization. It also identifies as community and institutional networks that contributed to the process, the Techo Mio Foundation, the community, the owners and the mayor's office. Finally, it establishes a social and institutional route consisting of four stages: socialization, regularization, legalization and land management that will surely guide communities to their normalization processes.
The growth of cities has been characterized by informal processes of urbanization and residential production (Legal Option, 2018), caused by a series of factors ranging from poor governance, economic vulnerability, displacement, among others. (UN, 2015). However, several studies (Acosta, 2019; Di Croce Garay, 2021; Sarmiento, et al., 2020) indicate that collective action not only contributes to the formation and regularization of human settlements, but also contributes to the housing improvement processes of human settlements. Given the benefit that legalization brings to their communities and to the State, the present research aims to analyze the social factors that influenced the legalization of the Maria Teresa Human Settlement of Cúcuta, through a comprehensive interpretative study, in order to design a proposal that would facilitate the standardisation of informal sectors. With this in mind, the approach of the study is qualitative, the paradigm is historical-hermeneutical and the method is ethnomethodology. Techniques and to obtain information will be the semi-structured interview and the focus group, which collected information will be analyzed through Atlas Ti. The sample is non-probabilistic, typical samples, as they will be selected in a targeted manner to eight leaders of the legalization process. The results show that the legalization of Maria Teresa's human settlement was influenced by social factors such as community identity, participation, self-management, power and control, and politicization. It also identifies as community and institutional networks that contributed to the process, the Techo Mio Foundation, the community, the owners and the mayor's office. Finally, it establishes a social and institutional route consisting of four stages: socialization, regularization, legalization and land management that will surely guide communities to their normalization processes.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Asentamientos humanos informales, Empowerment, Redes sociales, Informal human settlements, Empowerment, Social networks