Análisis de las tendencias investigativas en torno al suicidio y la familia
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2021-06
Autores
Anaya Ramírez, Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En términos generales se puede decir que los estudios han encontrado una relación entre diferentes factores asociados a la familia y el suicidio (Burgos et al 2017; De Ville et al. 2020; Garza et al, 2019; Forero et al 2017; Guy et al. 2020; Lipschitz et al. 2012; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al 2015; Wei et al, 2020). A continuación, relacionamos algunos de los factores familiares asociados al suicidio que se han encontrado en los estudios revisados, varios autores encontraron que existe una relación entre la alta presencia de conflictos y problemas familiares con el intento suicida, el suicidio y las autolesiones en los hijos (Da Silva et al., 2015; De Ville et al., 2020; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al. 2015). Por su parte otros autores mencionan que los sujetos con conductas suicidas atribuyen importancia a factores como las pérdidas familiares importantes; la violencia explícita y velada (Da Silva et al. (2015), la tristeza; sentimientos de abandono; afectos negativos, aislamiento, incomprensión de sus deseos por parte de sus familiares, y ausencia de manifestaciones de cariño y / o respeto en las personas que han intentar acabar con sus vidas (Brugos, et al. 2017; De Ville et al., 2020). Existe una relación entre la percepción que tienen los hijos sobre el funcionamiento familiar en las conductas suicidas, encontrando que existe una relación entre el riesgo suicida y la ideación suicida con la funcionalidad familiar, encontrándose una relación negativa, es decir, aquellas familias con funcionalidad familiar grave tienen una relación con las conductas suicidas (Burgos et al. 2017; Forero et al. 2017; Lipschitz et al. 2012; Wei et al. 2020). De igual forma, Garza et al. (2019) Se concluye que la estructura familiar del adolescente y factores de riesgo como antecedentes de violencia, consumo de alcohol y drogas en la familia se relaciona con los pensamientos suicidas; por último.
Por otra parte, los estudios han encontrado las familias que afrontan experiencias de conductas suicidas como ideación suicida, intento suicidio o suicidio consumado, experimentan fuertes cambios a nivel de su estructura y funcionamiento. (Dutra et al 2018; Garciandía 2013; Ferré-Grau et al. 2011; Nova et al. 2019). Nova et al. (2019) encontró que las conductas suicidas al interior de la familia pueden generar preocupaciones en torno a la necesidad del apoyo familiar y comunitario que se requiere, la necesidad de conocimiento en torno al tema que les ayude a establecer estrategias para superar el impacto de estas conductas; mientras, que Garciandía
(2013) señala que el suicidio de un ser querido es un evento que puede contribuir al duelo patológico y disfunciones mentales en los familiares sobrevivientes; del mismo modo, Ferré-Grau et al. (2011) indica que el estigma relacionado con los intentos de suicidio, aumenta el sufrimiento individual y familiar, impide el uso oportuno de los servicios de salud, la búsqueda de ayuda y la evolución del proceso.
También se han encontraron evidencia que tener antecedentes familiares de suicidio o intento de suicidio es un factor de riesgo significativo para la conducta suicida y supuso la existencia de un componente genético específico de la conducta suicida (Rajalin, et al. 2017). La conducta suicida es entendida como el resultado de la relación de componentes biopsicosociales, que tienen la posibilidad de actuar bien como predisponentes, o bien como precipitantes de este comportamiento, los estilos personales intrusivos y la incapacidad de crear relaciones estables y duraderas, pueden incrementar tanto el riesgo de alteraciones de personalidad como el suicida.
In general terms, it can be said that studies have found a relationship between different factors associated with family and suicide (Burgos et al 2017; De Ville et al. 2020; Garza et al, 2019; Forero et al 2017; Guy et al. 2020; Lipschitz et al. 2012; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al 2015; Wei et al, 2020). Next, we relate some of the family factors associated with suicide that have been found in the reviewed studies, several authors found that there is a relationship between the high presence of conflicts and family problems with the suicide attempt, suicide and self-harm in children (Da Silva et al., 2015; De Ville et al., 2020; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al. 2015). For their part, other authors mention that subjects with suicidal behaviors attribute importance to factors such as significant family losses; explicit and veiled violence (Da Silva et al. (2015), sadness; feelings of abandonment; negative affects, isolation, incomprehension of their wishes by their relatives, and absence of expressions of affection and / or respect in people who have tried to end their lives (Brugos, et al. 2017; De Ville et al., 2020). There is a relationship between the perception that children have about family functioning in suicidal behaviors, finding that there is a relationship between the Suicidal risk and suicidal ideation with family functionality, finding a negative relationship, that is, those families with severe family functionality have a relationship with suicidal behaviors (Burgos et al. 2017; Forero et al. 2017; Lipschitz et al. 2012 ; Wei et al. 2020). Similarly, Garza et al. (2019) It is concluded that the adolescent's family structure and risk factors such as a history of violence, alcohol and drug use in the family are related to with suicidal thoughts; by last. On the other hand, studies have found families that face experiences of suicidal behavior such as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt or completed suicide, experience strong changes at the level of their structure and functioning. (Dutra et al 2018; Garciandía 2013; Ferré-Grau et al. 2011; Nova et al. 2019). Nova et al. (2019) found that suicidal behaviors within the family can generate concerns about the need for the family and community support that is required, the need for knowledge about the subject that helps them establish.
In general terms, it can be said that studies have found a relationship between different factors associated with family and suicide (Burgos et al 2017; De Ville et al. 2020; Garza et al, 2019; Forero et al 2017; Guy et al. 2020; Lipschitz et al. 2012; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al 2015; Wei et al, 2020). Next, we relate some of the family factors associated with suicide that have been found in the reviewed studies, several authors found that there is a relationship between the high presence of conflicts and family problems with the suicide attempt, suicide and self-harm in children (Da Silva et al., 2015; De Ville et al., 2020; Quintinilla-Montoya, et al. 2015). For their part, other authors mention that subjects with suicidal behaviors attribute importance to factors such as significant family losses; explicit and veiled violence (Da Silva et al. (2015), sadness; feelings of abandonment; negative affects, isolation, incomprehension of their wishes by their relatives, and absence of expressions of affection and / or respect in people who have tried to end their lives (Brugos, et al. 2017; De Ville et al., 2020). There is a relationship between the perception that children have about family functioning in suicidal behaviors, finding that there is a relationship between the Suicidal risk and suicidal ideation with family functionality, finding a negative relationship, that is, those families with severe family functionality have a relationship with suicidal behaviors (Burgos et al. 2017; Forero et al. 2017; Lipschitz et al. 2012 ; Wei et al. 2020). Similarly, Garza et al. (2019) It is concluded that the adolescent's family structure and risk factors such as a history of violence, alcohol and drug use in the family are related to with suicidal thoughts; by last. On the other hand, studies have found families that face experiences of suicidal behavior such as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt or completed suicide, experience strong changes at the level of their structure and functioning. (Dutra et al 2018; Garciandía 2013; Ferré-Grau et al. 2011; Nova et al. 2019). Nova et al. (2019) found that suicidal behaviors within the family can generate concerns about the need for the family and community support that is required, the need for knowledge about the subject that helps them establish.
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Palabras clave
Suicidio, Funcionamiento familiar, Herencia familiar, Prevención, Intervención psicológica, Suicide, Family functioning, Family inheritance, Prevention, Psychological intervention