Diclofenac Administration after Physical Training Blunts Adaptations of Peripheral Systems and Leads to Losses in Exercise Performance: In Vivo and In Silico Analyses
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Pillon Barcelos, Rômulo
Diniz Lima, Frederico
Alves Courtes, Aline
Kich da Silva, Ingrid
Vargas, José Eduardo
Freire Royes, Luiz Fernando
Trindade, Cristiano
González-Gallego, Javier
Antunes Soares, Félix Alexandre
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MDPI
Resumen
Recovery in athletes is hampered by soreness and fatigue. Consequently, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used as an effective strategy to maintain high performance. However, impact
of these drugs on adaptations induced by training remains unknown. This study assessed the effects
of diclofenac administration (10 mg/kg/day) on rats subjected to an exhaustive test, after six weeks
of swimming training. Over the course of 10 days, three repeated swimming bouts were performed,
and diclofenac or saline were administered once a day. Trained animals exhibited higher muscle
citrate synthase and lower plasma creatinine kinase activities as compared to sedentary animals,
wherein diclofenac had no impact. Training increased time to exhaustion, however, diclofenac
blunted this effect. It also impaired the increase in plasma and liver interleukin-6 levels. The trained
group exhibited augmented catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities,
and a higher ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione in the liver. However, diclofenac treatment
blunted all these effects. Systems biology analysis revealed a close relationship between diclofenac
and liver catalase. These results confirmed that regular exercise induces inflammation and oxidative
stress, which are crucial for tissue adaptations. Altogether, diclofenac treatment might be helpful in
preventing pain and inflammation, but its use severely affects performance and tissue adaptation
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Palabras clave
NSAIDs, Physical training, Rat, Diclofenac, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Systems biology, Systems pharmacology, Adaptation
Citación
Barcelos, R.P.; Lima, F.D.; Courtes, A.A.; Silva, I.K.d.; Vargas, J.E.; Royes, L.F.F.; Trindade, C.; González-Gallego, J.; Soares, F.A.A. Diclofenac Administration after Physical Training Blunts Adaptations of Peripheral Systems and Leads to Losses in Exercise Performance: In Vivo and In Silico Analyses. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1246. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox10081246