Características demográficas, histopatológicas y clínicas de los gliomas. Una revisión sistemática
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Fecha
2020-06
Autores
Pastrana Navarro, Andrés Camilo
Pacheco Miranda, Fredy Javier
Racedo Segura, Iris Michel
Maloof, Dieb
Dau, Alberto
Salva, Silvia
Torres, Sergio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Los tumores primarios del Sistema Nervioso Central [SNC] representaron aproximadamente el 1,4% de los nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer, ocasionando el 2,6% de las muertes por cáncer en Estados Unidos en el 2015. Los gliomas corresponden al 24% de estos tumores, y el 74.6% de los tumores malignos, siendo los segundos más frecuentes después de los meningiomas [36.6%] en el grupo etario entre los 55 y los 84 años. En Colombia se ha estimado una incidencia anual por edad de 3,4 por cada 100.000 hombres y 2,5 por cada 100.000 mujeres. En general, la sobrevida varía de acuerdo con el subtipo histológico, siendo el glioblastomas el tumor maligno más común en adulto [55.4%]. Hemos realizado una estrategia de búsqueda literaria con el objeto de presentar una revisión sistemática actualizada sobre la epidemiologia de los gliomas, así como las principales características clínicas e histopatológicas en la población adulta. En total se encontraron 1638 artículos referentes a este tipo de tumores del SNC, de los cuales fueron incluidos 28 en nuestra base de datos para su revisión. Los resultados señalan una prevalencia mayor para pacientes de sexo masculino [57.7%] en comparación con el sexo femenino [42.3%]; la edad media de aparición del tumor fue de 59 años de edad. La mayor parte de los casos
revisados reportaron gliomas de grado IV o de alto grado [64%] según la
clasificación de la OMS, de aparición monolateral en su gran mayoría [97.6%],
presentándose clínicamente con convulsiones [30%] y otras manifestaciones no
especificadas [61%].
Primary tumors of the Central Nervous System [CNS] accounted for approximately 1.4% of new cancer diagnoses, causing 2.6% of cancer deaths in the United States in 2015. Gliomas correspond to 24% of these tumors, and 74.6% of malignant tumors, being the second most frequent after meningiomas [36.6%] in the age group between 55 and 84 years. In Colombia, an annual incidence by age of 3.4 per 100,000 men and 2.5 per 100,000 women has been estimated. In general, survival varies according to the histological subtype, with glioblastomas being the most common malignant tumor in adults [55.4%]. We have carried out a literary search strategy in order to present an updated systematic review on the epidemiology of gliomas, as well as the main clinical and histopathological characteristics in the adult population. In total, 1638 articles were found regarding this type of CNS tumors, of which 28 were included in our database for review. The results indicate a higher prevalence for male patients [57.7%] compared to female [42.3%]; the mean age of tumor onset was 59 years old. Most of the reviewed cases reported grade IV or high-grade gliomas [64%] according to the WHO classification, mostly monolateral in appearance [97.6%], presenting clinically with seizures [30%] and other manifestations unspecified [61%].
Primary tumors of the Central Nervous System [CNS] accounted for approximately 1.4% of new cancer diagnoses, causing 2.6% of cancer deaths in the United States in 2015. Gliomas correspond to 24% of these tumors, and 74.6% of malignant tumors, being the second most frequent after meningiomas [36.6%] in the age group between 55 and 84 years. In Colombia, an annual incidence by age of 3.4 per 100,000 men and 2.5 per 100,000 women has been estimated. In general, survival varies according to the histological subtype, with glioblastomas being the most common malignant tumor in adults [55.4%]. We have carried out a literary search strategy in order to present an updated systematic review on the epidemiology of gliomas, as well as the main clinical and histopathological characteristics in the adult population. In total, 1638 articles were found regarding this type of CNS tumors, of which 28 were included in our database for review. The results indicate a higher prevalence for male patients [57.7%] compared to female [42.3%]; the mean age of tumor onset was 59 years old. Most of the reviewed cases reported grade IV or high-grade gliomas [64%] according to the WHO classification, mostly monolateral in appearance [97.6%], presenting clinically with seizures [30%] and other manifestations unspecified [61%].
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Palabras clave
Gliomas, Glioblastoma, Epidemiologia, Demográfico, Histología, Neoplasia del sistema nerviosos, Signos y síntomas, Gliomas, Glioblastoma, Epidemiology, Demographic, Histology, Nervous system neoplasm, Signs and symptoms