Prácticas parentales en la regulación emocional de adolescentes
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Duarte Jiménez, Luz Mery
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo de analizar la percepción que tienen los hijos sobre el comportamiento de sus padres cuando los educan, y como se relacionan estas prácticas con la regulación de las emociones en un grupo de adolescentes con rango de edad de los 12 - 19 años. Para ello se emplearon pruebas estandarizadas: La Escala de Prácticas Parentales para Adolescentes de Andrade y Betancourt, (2008), y la Escala de Regulación Emocional de Gullone y Taffe, (2012). El enfoque metodológico que guío esta investigación responde a técnicas e instrumentos de orden cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance correlacional (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014). Los resultados revelaron prevalencia intermitente de las prácticas parentales en ambos padres. Además, se evidenció que estos jóvenes ejercen uso intermitente de las estrategias orientadas a la regulación de las emociones en situaciones
cotidianas. En cuanto a las correlaciones, se halló significancia bilateral, pero poca correlación. No obstante, otros resultados muestran que la ausencia de estrategias de regulación emocional sólo se da en la adolescencia temprana y tardía. Teniendo mayor relevancia en la adolescencia intermedia. Así mismo, se encontró que cuando hay leve presencia de regulación emocional se asocia a presencia intermitente en las prácticas parentales en familias nucleares y de padres separados. Que además, el grupo más grade de leve presencia de regulación emocional se asocia con presencia permanente de prácticas parentales. Finalmente, por medio de una tabla de contingencia se encontró, que el 35% de los individuos que presentan prácticas parentales intermitentes se ubican en estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2 y, en cuanto a los casos destacados, el 18% de los individuos que muestran presencia permanente de regulación emocional, presentan una práctica parental intermitente y practican la religión cristiana. En conclusión, se pudo identificar que las prácticas por parte de la madre están constituidas por cinco dimensiones; Comunicación, autonomía, imposición, control psicológico y control conductual, y por el lado paterno se identificaron cuatro prácticas; Comunicación y control conductual, autonomía, imposición y control psicológico. Evidenciando el uso intermitente de dichas prácticas en ambos padres, siendo más fuerte la relación materna. Por otra parte, los resultados muestran que las categorías de reevaluación cognitiva y supresión expresiva como estrategias de regulación emocional en los adolescentes, se ubicaron en la parte baja del
segundo percentil dentro de los rangos de índice del 2,81 al 3,25, mostrando coherencia con la percepción de las prácticas parentales que se ubicaron en el mismo nivel de presencia intermitente. Lo que indica que posiblemente tanto los padres como los adolescentes emplean de modo aleatorio las prácticas parentales y las estrategias de regulación emocional sin llegar a usarlas de manera permanente. Por último, los resultados de correlación a través del coeficiente r de Pearson, evidencian que la significancia bilateral fue significativa, ubicándose por debajo de 0,5 sin embargo, la correlación entre variables principales resultaron poco significativas. Lo que permite pensar que existen problemas emocionales que no se pueden atribuir directamente con el comportamiento de los progenitores.
This research aimed to analyze the perception that children have about the behavior of their parents when they educate them, and how these practices are related to the regulation of emotions in a group of adolescents with an age range of 12 - 19 years. For this, standardized tests were used: The Andrade and Betancourt Scale of Parental Practices for Adolescents, (2008), and the Gullone and Taffe Scale of Emotional Regulation, (2012). The methodological approach that guided this research responds to techniques and instruments of a quantitative order, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational scope (Hernández, Fernández & Baptista, 2014). The results revealed intermittent prevalence of parenting practices in both parents. In addition, it was evidenced that these young people exert intermittent use of strategies aimed at regulating emotions in situations everyday. Regarding the correlations, bilateral significance was found, but little correlation. However, other results show that the absence of emotional regulation strategies only occurs in early and late adolescence. Having greater relevance in intermediate adolescence. Likewise, it was found that when there is a slight presence of emotional regulation, it is associated with an intermittent presence in parental practices in nuclear families and separated parents. Furthermore, the largest group with a slight presence of emotional regulation is associated with the permanent presence of parenting practices. Finally, by means of a contingency table, it was found that 35% of the individuals who present intermittent parenting practices are located in socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 and, as for the outstanding cases, 18% of the individuals who show presence permanent emotional regulation, have an intermittent parental practice and practice the Christian religion. In conclusion, it was possible to identify that the practices by the mother are constituted by five dimensions; Communication, autonomy, imposition, psychological control and behavioral control, and on the paternal side, four practices were identified; Communication and behavioral control, autonomy, imposition and psychological control. Evidence of the intermittent use of these practices in both parents, the maternal relationship being stronger. On the other hand, the results show that the categories of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotional regulation strategies in adolescents, were located in the lower part of the second percentile within the index ranges of 2.81 to 3.25, showing coherence with the perception of parental practices that were located at the same level of intermittent presence. This indicates that possibly both parents and adolescents randomly use parental practices and emotional regulation strategies without actually using them permanently. Finally, the correlation results through Pearson's r coefficient show that the bilateral significance was significant, being below 0.5, however, the correlation between main variables was not very significant. This suggests that there are emotional problems that cannot be directly attributed to the behavior of the parents.
This research aimed to analyze the perception that children have about the behavior of their parents when they educate them, and how these practices are related to the regulation of emotions in a group of adolescents with an age range of 12 - 19 years. For this, standardized tests were used: The Andrade and Betancourt Scale of Parental Practices for Adolescents, (2008), and the Gullone and Taffe Scale of Emotional Regulation, (2012). The methodological approach that guided this research responds to techniques and instruments of a quantitative order, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational scope (Hernández, Fernández & Baptista, 2014). The results revealed intermittent prevalence of parenting practices in both parents. In addition, it was evidenced that these young people exert intermittent use of strategies aimed at regulating emotions in situations everyday. Regarding the correlations, bilateral significance was found, but little correlation. However, other results show that the absence of emotional regulation strategies only occurs in early and late adolescence. Having greater relevance in intermediate adolescence. Likewise, it was found that when there is a slight presence of emotional regulation, it is associated with an intermittent presence in parental practices in nuclear families and separated parents. Furthermore, the largest group with a slight presence of emotional regulation is associated with the permanent presence of parenting practices. Finally, by means of a contingency table, it was found that 35% of the individuals who present intermittent parenting practices are located in socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 and, as for the outstanding cases, 18% of the individuals who show presence permanent emotional regulation, have an intermittent parental practice and practice the Christian religion. In conclusion, it was possible to identify that the practices by the mother are constituted by five dimensions; Communication, autonomy, imposition, psychological control and behavioral control, and on the paternal side, four practices were identified; Communication and behavioral control, autonomy, imposition and psychological control. Evidence of the intermittent use of these practices in both parents, the maternal relationship being stronger. On the other hand, the results show that the categories of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotional regulation strategies in adolescents, were located in the lower part of the second percentile within the index ranges of 2.81 to 3.25, showing coherence with the perception of parental practices that were located at the same level of intermittent presence. This indicates that possibly both parents and adolescents randomly use parental practices and emotional regulation strategies without actually using them permanently. Finally, the correlation results through Pearson's r coefficient show that the bilateral significance was significant, being below 0.5, however, the correlation between main variables was not very significant. This suggests that there are emotional problems that cannot be directly attributed to the behavior of the parents.
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Palabras clave
Prácticas parentales, Regulación emocional, Adolescentes, Parental practices, Emotional regulation, Adolescents