Medición de las fortalezas del carácter en adolescentes y su predicción en el afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico
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Fecha
2020
Autores
García-Álvarez, Diego
Hernández-Lalinde, Juan
Cobo-Rendón, Rubia
Espinosa-Castro, Jhon-Franklin
Soler, María José
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Editor
Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica
Resumen
El constructo de las virtudes y fortalezas del carácter surge
a raíz de la investigación emprendida por Peterson y Seligman.
Con base en esta teoría, García-Álvarez propuso una
alternativa de medición conocida como «creciendo fuertes»,
escala dirigida a evaluar dicha variable en adolescentes. Los
objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar las propiedades psicométricas
de este instrumento en adolescentes marabinos,
así como también establecer diferencias según sexo, edad y
esclarecer cuáles de estas fortalezas eran predictores de las
estrategias de afrontamiento y del bienestar psicológico. Se
llevó a cabo una investigación instrumental, transaccional,
correlacional y no experimental, la cual contó con la participación
de 528 adolescentes. El análisis factorial confirmatorio
sugiere que los datos concuerdan con el modelo hexadimensional
teórico, encontrándose cifras de ajuste adecuadas.
Se encontraron además evidencias de validez convergente,
discriminante e índices globales elevados de consistencia interna,
aunque algunos de los coeficientes de las subescalas
fueron bajos. Las adolescentes exhibieron mayores puntajes
que los adolescentes en rasgos como la mente abierta, perspectiva,
honestidad, amabilidad, inteligencia social, equidad,
perdón, gratitud y espiritualidad; mientras que los varones
puntuaron por encima solo en el entusiasmo. También hubo
diferencias de acuerdo con la edad, favoreciendo la adolescencia
tardía. Todas las fortalezas resultaron predictores significativos
de las estrategias de afrontamiento, a excepción
de la vinculada al uso del alcohol y drogas. Asimismo, estos
atributos predijeron el bienestar psicológico en la muestra
adolescente de manera global y en lo que concierne a sus
dimensiones. Se concluye que la escala «creciendo fuertes»
es una opción adecuada para medir el constructo en adolescentes,
tanto para fines de investigación, como para la atención
terapéutica, promoción de la salud mental y otras modalidades
de prevención en el campo de salud adolescente.
The construct of character strengths and virtues arises from research undertaken by Peterson and Seligman. Based on this theory, García-Álvarez proposed an alternative measurement known as “growing up strong”, a scale aimed at evaluating this variable in adolescents. The objectives of the work were to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument in young Marabineans, as well as also to establish differences according to sex and age, and to clarify which of these strengths were predictors of coping strategies and psychological well-being. An instrumental, cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental research was carried out with the participation of 528 subjects. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the data were consistent with the hexadimensional theoretical model, and adequate adjustment figures were found. There was also evidence of convergent and discriminant validity and high global indices of internal consistency, although some of the subscale coefficients were low. Women exhibited higher scores than men on traits such as open mind, perspective, honesty, kindness, social intelligence, fairness, forgiveness, gratitude and spirituality; while men scored higher only on enthusiasm. There were also differences according to age favoring the more adults. All strengths were significant predictors of coping strategies, with the exception of that linked to alcohol and drug use. These attributes also predicted the psychological well-being of the adolescents globally and in terms of their dimensions. It is concluded that the “growing up strong” scale is an appropriate option to measure the construct in adolescents, both for research purposes, and for therapeutic care, mental health promotion and other prevention modalities in the field of adolescent health.
The construct of character strengths and virtues arises from research undertaken by Peterson and Seligman. Based on this theory, García-Álvarez proposed an alternative measurement known as “growing up strong”, a scale aimed at evaluating this variable in adolescents. The objectives of the work were to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument in young Marabineans, as well as also to establish differences according to sex and age, and to clarify which of these strengths were predictors of coping strategies and psychological well-being. An instrumental, cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental research was carried out with the participation of 528 subjects. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the data were consistent with the hexadimensional theoretical model, and adequate adjustment figures were found. There was also evidence of convergent and discriminant validity and high global indices of internal consistency, although some of the subscale coefficients were low. Women exhibited higher scores than men on traits such as open mind, perspective, honesty, kindness, social intelligence, fairness, forgiveness, gratitude and spirituality; while men scored higher only on enthusiasm. There were also differences according to age favoring the more adults. All strengths were significant predictors of coping strategies, with the exception of that linked to alcohol and drug use. These attributes also predicted the psychological well-being of the adolescents globally and in terms of their dimensions. It is concluded that the “growing up strong” scale is an appropriate option to measure the construct in adolescents, both for research purposes, and for therapeutic care, mental health promotion and other prevention modalities in the field of adolescent health.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Virtudes y fortalezas del carácter, Estudios de validación, Bienestar psicológico, Adolescentes marabinos, Character Strengths and Virtues, Validation studies, Coping strategies, Psychological well-being, Marabineans adolescents