Intención hacia la actividad física y comportamiento sedentario durante el tiempo de pandemia según el estrato socioeconómico de las personas
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Daza Meza, Juan Carlos
De la Rosa Curiel, Nick Avelino
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la actividad física como
todos aquellos movimientos musculoesqueléticos que generan un gasto energético;
por lo tanto, la práctica de esta enriquece significativamente la vida y la salud de las
personas. Por el contrario, el comportamiento sedentario hace referencia a las
actividades en vigilia que no superan el gasto calórico y la frecuencia cardiaca basal,
con poco impacto en la salud de las personas. Un factor determinante de la actividad
física es la clase social, los adultos de estatus socioeconómico bajo son más
inactivos físicamente en los tiempos libres (52,5%), en contraste con los estratos
altos (31,7%). La intención hacia la práctica de actividad física y el comportamiento
sedentario de las personas varían según su estrato socioeconómico.
Objetivos: Determinar la intención hacia la actividad física y el comportamiento
sedentario durante el tiempo de pandemia según el estrato socioeconómico de las
personas.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 812 personas mayores de
18 años de los departamentos del Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena de la costa
caribe colombiana, a quienes se les entrevistó vía telefónica aplicando una encuesta
basada en el modelo Transteórico de Prochaska-Diclemente que mide las etapas
de cambio hacia la actividad física. El comportamiento sedentario se midió a través
del tiempo que suele pasar sentado o recostado la persona frente a pantallas. El
paquete estadístico utilizado para el análisis estadístico fue el software SPSS
versión 24.0. Para determinar la relación entre las etapas de cambio
comportamental frente a la actividad física y el índice de masa corporal se realizó la
Prueba Análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de chi2; se asumió una
significancia estadística de 0,05.
Resultados: El promedio de horas al día frente a la televisión en ambos estratos,
fue 2,7±2 horas. El tiempo frente al computador, es mayor para las personas de
estrato alto (2,8±2 horas al día) en comparación con las 2,1±2,7 horas del estrato
bajo (p=0,0001). El 77,9% del estrato alto se encuentra ubicado en las tres primeras
etapas del modelo de Prochaska a diferencia del estrato bajo con un porcentaje
menor del 71,4%.
Background: The World Health Organization defines physical activity as all those musculoskeletal movements that generate energy expenditure; therefore, the practice of this significantly enriches the life and health of people. On the contrary, sedentary behavior refers to waking activities that do not exceed caloric expenditure and basal heart rate, with little impact on people's health. A determining factor of physical activity is social class, adults of low socioeconomic status are more physically inactive in free time (52.5%), in contrast to the upper strata (31.7%). People's intention to practice physical activity and sedentary behavior vary according to their socioeconomic status. Objective: To determine the intention towards physical activity and sedentary behavior during the time of the pandemic according to the socioeconomic stratum of the people Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 812 people over 18 years of age from the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena on the Colombian Caribbean coast, who were interviewed by telephone applying a survey based on the Prochaska-Diclemente Transtheoretical model that measures the stages of change towards physical activity. Sedentary behavior was measured through the time the person usually spends sitting or reclining in front of screens. The statistical package used for the statistical analysis was the SPSS software version 24.0. To determine the relationship between the stages of behavioral change versus physical activity and body mass index, the Analysis of Variance Test (ANOVA) and the chi2 test were performed; a statistical significance of 0.05 was assumed. Results: The average hours per day in front of television in both strata was 2,7±2 hours a day. The time in front of the computer is greater for people in the high stratum (2,82±2 hours a day) compared to 2,1±2,7 hours in the low stratum (p=0,0001). 77,9% of the upper stratum is located in the first three stages of the Prochaska model, unlike the low stratum with a lower percentage of 71,4%.
Background: The World Health Organization defines physical activity as all those musculoskeletal movements that generate energy expenditure; therefore, the practice of this significantly enriches the life and health of people. On the contrary, sedentary behavior refers to waking activities that do not exceed caloric expenditure and basal heart rate, with little impact on people's health. A determining factor of physical activity is social class, adults of low socioeconomic status are more physically inactive in free time (52.5%), in contrast to the upper strata (31.7%). People's intention to practice physical activity and sedentary behavior vary according to their socioeconomic status. Objective: To determine the intention towards physical activity and sedentary behavior during the time of the pandemic according to the socioeconomic stratum of the people Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 812 people over 18 years of age from the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena on the Colombian Caribbean coast, who were interviewed by telephone applying a survey based on the Prochaska-Diclemente Transtheoretical model that measures the stages of change towards physical activity. Sedentary behavior was measured through the time the person usually spends sitting or reclining in front of screens. The statistical package used for the statistical analysis was the SPSS software version 24.0. To determine the relationship between the stages of behavioral change versus physical activity and body mass index, the Analysis of Variance Test (ANOVA) and the chi2 test were performed; a statistical significance of 0.05 was assumed. Results: The average hours per day in front of television in both strata was 2,7±2 hours a day. The time in front of the computer is greater for people in the high stratum (2,82±2 hours a day) compared to 2,1±2,7 hours in the low stratum (p=0,0001). 77,9% of the upper stratum is located in the first three stages of the Prochaska model, unlike the low stratum with a lower percentage of 71,4%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Comportamiento sedentario, Actividad física, Modelo transteórico, Pandemia COVID-19, Estatus socioeconómico, Sedentary behavior, Physical activity, Transtheoretical model