Elementos consecutivos de la legítima defensa: criterios de determinación en el juzgado quinto penal de conocimiento de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Bolaños Pabon, Ángel Alfredo
Torres Ricardo, Marcela
Ruiz Ariza, Jannier Enrique
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La legítima defensa es un causal de ausencia de responsabilidad a la luz del artículo 32 del
Código Penal. En Colombia, se ha presentado un debate en torno a la relación que tiene su
aplicación por los jueces de conocimiento en la ciudad de Barranquilla, toda vez que se ha
cimentado una incógnita sobre la seguridad jurídica que ofrecen los requisitos dispuestos en la
norma, mismos que, podrían implicar condenas y absoluciones, tornándose como abstracta e
indeterminada si la figura es garantista, así como como sus efectos.
Es menester tener en cuenta que el derecho penal funge como el último recurso al cual el
Estado recurre a falta de otros medios, lo que se denomina última ratio, y que, en lo concerniente
a la legítima defensa, desde la doctrina y la jurisprudencia se ha estudiado su desarrollo, tratando
de encontrar puntos convergentes que permitan consolidar una aproximación a la correcta
aplicación de la figura, y así, comprender los vacíos que se encuentran y desafíos que se presentan.
Así las cosas, esta propuesta de investigación analiza según un estudio de casos, los
criterios del juez de conocimiento para determinar los elementos constitutivos de la legítima
defensa en los procesos por homicidio en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Lo anterior, con el propósito
de identificar y establecer las formas más idóneas de aplicación normativa según sus
características, desde la existencia de una agresión injusta, actual o inminente, la necesidad de
defender un derecho propio o ajeno y la proporcionalidad.
Legitimate defense is a cause of responsibility absence according to article 32 of the Penal Code. In Colombia, a debate has been presented about the relationship that has its application by the judges of knowledge in the city of Barranquilla, since an unknown has been cemented about the legal certainty offered by the requirements provided in the norm, same that could imply convictions and acquittals, becoming abstract and indeterminate if the figure is a guarantor, as well as its effects. It is necessary to take into account that criminal law acts as the last resort to which the State resorts in the absence of other means, which is called the last ratio, and that, with regard to legitimate defense, doctrine and jurisprudence has studied its development, trying to find convergent points that allow consolidating an approach to the correct application of the figure, and thus, understand the gaps that are found and challenges that arise. Thus, this research proposal analyzes, according to a case study, the criteria of the judge of knowledge to determine the constituent elements of legitimate defense in homicide processes in the city of Barranquilla. The foregoing, with the purpose of identifying and establishing the most suitable forms of normative application according to their characteristics, from the existence of an unjust, current or imminent aggression, the need to defend one's own or another's right and proportionality
Legitimate defense is a cause of responsibility absence according to article 32 of the Penal Code. In Colombia, a debate has been presented about the relationship that has its application by the judges of knowledge in the city of Barranquilla, since an unknown has been cemented about the legal certainty offered by the requirements provided in the norm, same that could imply convictions and acquittals, becoming abstract and indeterminate if the figure is a guarantor, as well as its effects. It is necessary to take into account that criminal law acts as the last resort to which the State resorts in the absence of other means, which is called the last ratio, and that, with regard to legitimate defense, doctrine and jurisprudence has studied its development, trying to find convergent points that allow consolidating an approach to the correct application of the figure, and thus, understand the gaps that are found and challenges that arise. Thus, this research proposal analyzes, according to a case study, the criteria of the judge of knowledge to determine the constituent elements of legitimate defense in homicide processes in the city of Barranquilla. The foregoing, with the purpose of identifying and establishing the most suitable forms of normative application according to their characteristics, from the existence of an unjust, current or imminent aggression, the need to defend one's own or another's right and proportionality
Descripción
Palabras clave
Legítima defensa, Agresión, Inminencia, Necesidad, Vida, Ausencia de responsabilidad, Criterios de determinación, Legitimate defense, Aggression, Imminence, Necessity, Life, Absence of responsibility, Criteria of determination