Vínculo universidad-empresa-estado e innovación abierta: diagnóstico en el sistema regional del departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Melamed Varela, Enrique
Navarro Vargas, Leonardo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los escenarios actuales de negocio y las mecánicas de mercado han posicionado la actividad innovadora como una de las estrategias gerenciales más requeridas para reinventar la forma de las relaciones comerciales y del valor que las organizaciones crean con sus clientes y demás grupos de interés, de la misma forma que la vinculación con dichos actores del entorno ya no se vislumbra como un fenómeno aislado que no afecta la actividad empresarial, sino por el contrario cada grupo de interés presenta incidencia en la cadena de valor de la compañía. En este sentido y desde una perspectiva macroeconómica, las teorías del desarrollo endógeno han destacado dos dinámicas clave para desde los territorios crear capacidades que permitan generar valor, conocimiento y tecnología que mejoren la calidad de vida de los habitantes, así como escenarios de negocios favorables y contribuyentes al crecimiento de las regiones, sobresale en primera instancia la relación entre tres actores: universidades, empresas y el estado.
Objetivos: Diagnosticar el estado actual del vínculo Universidad-Empresa-Estado desde su aporte en la generación de innovación abierta, identificando sus rasgos más sobresalientes en el sistema regional del departamento del Atlántico.
Materiales y Métodos: Metodológicamente el estudio se ha orientado a diagnosticar el estado actual del sistema regional de innovación desde los actores principales de la triple hélice, mediante herramientas apoyadas en la revisión documental e información secundaria cerca de 50 fuentes que han permitido nutrir las iniciativas, proyectos y cifras referentes a los aspectos clave por actor vinculados a la actividad innovadora y hasta qué punto esta se ha desarrollado abiertamente, dimensionado desde un proceso de diagnóstico, valoración de elementos clave y definición de oportunidades de mejoramiento para el sistema.
Resultados: Los hallazgos del proceso de revisión documental, han permitido identificar que el sistema de innovación ha alcanzado logros al contar con una plataforma de instituciones de educación superior reconocidas como universidades (siete), empresas altamente innovadoras (cuatro) y acciones emprendidas por las administraciones territoriales (gobernación y alcaldías), presentado un rendimiento sobresaliente y avances respecto a estudios previos del sistema; en cuanto al enfoque de la innovación abierta no se ha identificado su aplicación en las acciones de los actores, sin embargo, este se presenta como herramienta ante las oportunidades de mejoramiento que permitan potenciar los resultados del departamento y posicionar al sistema regional de innovación del Atlántico como referente de inteligencia empresarial y competitiva a nivel nacional.
Conclusiones: Referente a la innovación, internacionalmente organizaciones como la OCDE hace hincapié en la relevancia que el concepto aunado a la investigación y el desarrollo ha adquirido como factor de competitividad y sostenibilidad, las teorías de innovación despliegan diferentes formas por las cuales se pueden adoptar e implementar estrategias innovadoras en las organizaciones, sobresaliendo la innovación abierta como una forma de co-crear soluciones, productos o procesos mediante la transferencia de conocimientos del entorno hacia el sistema, de tal forma que los aportes de diferentes grupos de interés nutran la actividad innovadora desde la organización hacia el entorno en los denominados espacios de trabajo colaborativo.
Background: Current business scenarios and market mechanics have positioned innovative activity as one of the most required management strategies to reinvent the form of business relationships and value that organizations create with their customers and other interest groups, of the same In this way, the relationship with these actors in the environment is no longer seen as an isolated phenomenon that does not affect business activity, but on the contrary, each interest group has an impact on the company's value chain. In this sense and from a macroeconomic perspective, the theories of endogenous development have highlighted two key dynamics to create capacities that allow the generation of value, knowledge and technology that improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, as well as favorable business scenarios and contributors to the growth of the regions, the relationship between three actors stands out in the first instance: universities, industry and government. Objective: To diagnose the current state of the University-Industry-Government linkage as a contribution to generation of open innovation, identifying its most outstanding features in the regional system of the department Atlantico. Materials and Methods: Methodologically, the study has focused on diagnosing the current state of the regional innovation system from the main actors of the triple helix, using tools supported by the documentary review and secondary information about 50 sources that have allowed to nurture the initiatives, projects and figures related to the key aspects per actor linked to the innovative activity and to what extent it has been developed openly, dimensioned from a diagnostic process, assessment of key elements and definition of improvement opportunities for the system. Results: The findings of the document review process have made it possible to identify that the innovation system has achieved achievements by having a platform of institutions of higher education recognized as universities (seven), highly innovative companies (four) and actions undertaken by territorial administrations (governorate and mayorships), presented outstanding performance and progress over previous studies of the system; Regarding the approach of open innovation, its application in the actions of the actors has not been identified, however, this is presented as a tool in view of the improvement opportunities that allow to enhance the department's results and position the regional innovation system from Atlantico as a benchmark for business and competitive intelligence at the national level. Conclusions: Regarding innovation, organizations such as the OECD internationally emphasize the relevance that the concept combined with research and development has acquired as a factor of competitiveness and sustainability, innovation theories display different ways by which strategies can be adopted and implemented innovative in organizations, highlighting open innovation as a way of co-creating solutions, products or processes by transferring knowledge of the environment to the system, so that the contributions of different interest groups nurture the innovative activity from the organization towards the environment in the so-called collaborative workspaces.
Background: Current business scenarios and market mechanics have positioned innovative activity as one of the most required management strategies to reinvent the form of business relationships and value that organizations create with their customers and other interest groups, of the same In this way, the relationship with these actors in the environment is no longer seen as an isolated phenomenon that does not affect business activity, but on the contrary, each interest group has an impact on the company's value chain. In this sense and from a macroeconomic perspective, the theories of endogenous development have highlighted two key dynamics to create capacities that allow the generation of value, knowledge and technology that improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, as well as favorable business scenarios and contributors to the growth of the regions, the relationship between three actors stands out in the first instance: universities, industry and government. Objective: To diagnose the current state of the University-Industry-Government linkage as a contribution to generation of open innovation, identifying its most outstanding features in the regional system of the department Atlantico. Materials and Methods: Methodologically, the study has focused on diagnosing the current state of the regional innovation system from the main actors of the triple helix, using tools supported by the documentary review and secondary information about 50 sources that have allowed to nurture the initiatives, projects and figures related to the key aspects per actor linked to the innovative activity and to what extent it has been developed openly, dimensioned from a diagnostic process, assessment of key elements and definition of improvement opportunities for the system. Results: The findings of the document review process have made it possible to identify that the innovation system has achieved achievements by having a platform of institutions of higher education recognized as universities (seven), highly innovative companies (four) and actions undertaken by territorial administrations (governorate and mayorships), presented outstanding performance and progress over previous studies of the system; Regarding the approach of open innovation, its application in the actions of the actors has not been identified, however, this is presented as a tool in view of the improvement opportunities that allow to enhance the department's results and position the regional innovation system from Atlantico as a benchmark for business and competitive intelligence at the national level. Conclusions: Regarding innovation, organizations such as the OECD internationally emphasize the relevance that the concept combined with research and development has acquired as a factor of competitiveness and sustainability, innovation theories display different ways by which strategies can be adopted and implemented innovative in organizations, highlighting open innovation as a way of co-creating solutions, products or processes by transferring knowledge of the environment to the system, so that the contributions of different interest groups nurture the innovative activity from the organization towards the environment in the so-called collaborative workspaces.
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Palabras clave
Vinculo Universidad-Empresa-Estado, Triple hélice, Innovación abierta, Sistemas regionales, University-Industry-Governement Linkage, Triple helix, Open innovation, Regional systems