Diseño de una metodología de gestión de riesgos de seguridad y salud en el trabajo enfocada en la priorización de medidas de intervención propuestas en empresas de bienes y servicios
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Pérez Gutiérrez, Mónica
Pinillos Ferrer, Ricardo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
Para el diseño de la metodología de gestión de riesgos de seguridad y salud en el trabajo propuesta, se compilaron varias variables de las metodologías identificadas, se ajustaron y se propusieron nuevas variables. Al realizar el diseño se tuvo en cuenta la información inicial para establecer el contexto y alcance de la empresa para una correcta identificación de peligros, como son las áreas de trabajo, los procesos, las tareas y el lugar, esto fue tomado de la norma GTC 45- 2012. La identificación de los peligros se hizo con base al listado recomendado por la norma GTC 45, cabe resaltar que en el alcance de la propuesta de esta metodología no incluye la clasificación de nuevos peligros y riesgos. Después de obtener un consolidado de todos los peligros de la compañía se calculó el nivel de riesgo, estableciendo 4 niveles (aceptables, moderado, no aceptable con control especifico y no aceptable), luego se determinó una variable de priorización inicial con base al número de trabajadores expuestos, de igual forma se propone un porcentaje del nivel de reducción del riesgo según el tipo de la medida implementada bajo la jerarquía de controles (eliminación, sustitución, controle de ingeniería, controles administrativos, elementos de protección personal), seguido se calcula del costo de materialización del riesgo, constituyendo que los costos indirectos son iguales a 5 veces el costo directo (costos asegurados), así mismo se establece el costo de requisitos legales que se propone en el presente proyecto como la multiplicación de la multa por la cantidad de requisitos legales relacionados con el riesgo. Como ultima variable independiente en la propuesta se incluye el costo de implementación de la medida que se calcula con base a la recomendación de la metodología GTC 45 – 2012 en una escala de valores expresada en salarios mínimos mensuales vigentes.
Teniendo el resultado de todas las variables anteriormente mencionadas se procede a proponer una variable que permita priorizar las medidas de intervención propuestas para los riesgos, denominada factor de priorización (P), en el cual se establece en orden jerárquico cada una de las acciones resultantes de cada uno de los riesgos evaluados.
For the design of the proposed occupational health and safety risk management methodology, several variables of the identified methodologies were compiled, new variables were adjusted and proposed. When carrying out the design, the initial information was taken into account to establish the context and scope of the company for a correct identification of hazards, such as work areas, processes, tasks and place, this was taken from the GTC standard 45- 2012. The identification of the hazards was made based on the list recommended by the GTC 45 norm, it should be noted that in the scope of the proposal of this methodology does not include the classification of new hazards and risks. After obtaining a consolidation of all the hazards of the company, the level of risk was calculated, establishing 4 levels (acceptable, moderate, not acceptable with specific control and not acceptable), then an initial prioritization variable was determined based on the number of exposed workers, a percentage of the risk reduction level is also proposed according to the type of measure implemented under the hierarchy of controls (elimination, substitution, engineering control, administrative controls, personal protection elements), followed is calculated from the cost of materializing the risk, constituting that the indirect costs are equal to 5 times the direct cost (insured costs), likewise establishing the cost of legal requirements proposed in the present project as the multiplication of the fine by the amount of legal requirements related to risk. The last independent variable in the proposal includes the cost of implementing the measure, which is calculated based on the recommendation of the GTC 45 - 2012 methodology on a scale of values expressed in current monthly minimum wages. Taking the result of all the aforementioned variables, a variable is proposed to prioritize the intervention measures proposed for the risks, called prioritization factor (P), in which each of the actions resulting from the hierarchy is established in hierarchical order. each of the risks evaluated.
For the design of the proposed occupational health and safety risk management methodology, several variables of the identified methodologies were compiled, new variables were adjusted and proposed. When carrying out the design, the initial information was taken into account to establish the context and scope of the company for a correct identification of hazards, such as work areas, processes, tasks and place, this was taken from the GTC standard 45- 2012. The identification of the hazards was made based on the list recommended by the GTC 45 norm, it should be noted that in the scope of the proposal of this methodology does not include the classification of new hazards and risks. After obtaining a consolidation of all the hazards of the company, the level of risk was calculated, establishing 4 levels (acceptable, moderate, not acceptable with specific control and not acceptable), then an initial prioritization variable was determined based on the number of exposed workers, a percentage of the risk reduction level is also proposed according to the type of measure implemented under the hierarchy of controls (elimination, substitution, engineering control, administrative controls, personal protection elements), followed is calculated from the cost of materializing the risk, constituting that the indirect costs are equal to 5 times the direct cost (insured costs), likewise establishing the cost of legal requirements proposed in the present project as the multiplication of the fine by the amount of legal requirements related to risk. The last independent variable in the proposal includes the cost of implementing the measure, which is calculated based on the recommendation of the GTC 45 - 2012 methodology on a scale of values expressed in current monthly minimum wages. Taking the result of all the aforementioned variables, a variable is proposed to prioritize the intervention measures proposed for the risks, called prioritization factor (P), in which each of the actions resulting from the hierarchy is established in hierarchical order. each of the risks evaluated.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Factores de riesgo, Factor de ponderación, Nivel de riesgo, Nivel de exposición, Risk factors, Weighting factor, Risk level, Exposure level