Inequidades sociales, educativas y económicas en la población rural de Quingeo, Ecuador
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Ortiz, Rina
Torres, Maritza
Peña Cordero, Susana
Narváez, Viviana
Reinoso Calle, Nancy
Ávila León, Soledad
Carabajo Rivera, Alexandra
Larrea Romero, Italo Fernando
Añez, Roberto J.
Rojas, Joselyn
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Editor
Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica
Resumen
Introducción: Ecuador es un país latinoamericano que ha
sufrido diversos cambios epidemiológicos en las últimas
décadas, acorde a la transición demográfica, caracterizada
por un aumento de ingresos monetarios, educación, empleo
y mejoras en los servicio de salud. Esto ha llevado a una
adopción de hábitos perjudiciales que han concordado con
el aumento de la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no
transmisibles. A su vez, estas enfermedades se han relacionado
con diversos factores socioeconómicos especialmente
en poblaciones en vías de desarrollo, por lo que el objetivo
de este estudio fue evaluar las características sociodemográficas
de la población de Quingeo, Ecuador.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de campo, descriptivo
y transversal que incluyó a 530 individuos adultos de la parroquia
rural de Quingeo, perteneciente al Cantón de Cuenca,
Ecuador. Se les aplicó una historia clínica completa indagándose
en los factores sociodemográficos como: edad, sexo,
estado civil, estatus socioeconómico, nivel de educación, estatus
laboral y ocupación.
Resultados: Del total de individuos evaluados, el 59,06%
(n=313) perteneció al sexo femenino. La edad media de la
muestra fue de 43,21±18,20 años, siendo el grupo etario más
frecuente los adultos jóvenes (57,9%; n=307). Los sujetos
fueron principalmente casados (55,7%; n=295), desempleados
(67,9%; n=360), con estudios de educación primaria (47,7%,
n=253), y con un nivel socioeconómico de clase obrera (49,1%,
n=260). A su vez, los individuos en extrema pobreza tenían
mayores proporciones de desempleo y de analfabetismo.
Conclusión: Este estudio constituye un reporte sobre la situación
socioeconómica y demográfica actual de la población
rural de Quingeo, en donde los individuos con estratos socioeconómicos
bajos presentaron un alto porcentaje de desempleo
y bajo nivel educativo, por lo que deben abordarse estas
situaciones para mejorar la promoción de la salud.
Introduction: Ecuador is a Latin American country that has undergone several epidemiological changes in the last decades, according to the demographic transition, characterized by an increase in monetary income, education, employment and improvements in health service. This has led to an adoption of harmful habits that have related to increase mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases. In turn, these diseases have been related to various socioeconomic factors especially in developing country, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of the population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Methodology: A field, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out involving 530 individuals from the rural parish of Quingeo, in the Canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. It was applied a complete medical history including sociodemographic factors such as: age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, work status and occupation. Results: Of the overall of individuals, 59.06% (n = 313) belonged to the female sex. The mean age of the sample was 43.21 ± 18.20 years, with the youngest being the most frequent age group (57.9%; n = 307). The subjects were mainly married, with primary education (47.7%, n = 253), and belonging to working class (49.1%, n = 260). At the same time, individuals in extreme poverty had higher unemployment and illiteracy rates. Conclusion: This study presents a report of the actual socioeconomic and demographic situation of the rural population of Quingeo, where individuals with low socioeconomic strata presented a high percentage of unemployment and low educational level
Introduction: Ecuador is a Latin American country that has undergone several epidemiological changes in the last decades, according to the demographic transition, characterized by an increase in monetary income, education, employment and improvements in health service. This has led to an adoption of harmful habits that have related to increase mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases. In turn, these diseases have been related to various socioeconomic factors especially in developing country, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of the population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Methodology: A field, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out involving 530 individuals from the rural parish of Quingeo, in the Canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. It was applied a complete medical history including sociodemographic factors such as: age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, work status and occupation. Results: Of the overall of individuals, 59.06% (n = 313) belonged to the female sex. The mean age of the sample was 43.21 ± 18.20 years, with the youngest being the most frequent age group (57.9%; n = 307). The subjects were mainly married, with primary education (47.7%, n = 253), and belonging to working class (49.1%, n = 260). At the same time, individuals in extreme poverty had higher unemployment and illiteracy rates. Conclusion: This study presents a report of the actual socioeconomic and demographic situation of the rural population of Quingeo, where individuals with low socioeconomic strata presented a high percentage of unemployment and low educational level
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Palabras clave
Características sociodemográficas, Bajo nivel educativo, Estatus socioeconómico, Sociodemographic characteristics, Low educational level, Socioeconomic status