Factores de riesgo asociados a hipertensión arterial en la población rural de Quingeo Ecuador
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Ortiz, Rina
Torres, Maritza
Peña Cordero, Susana
Alcántara Lara, Víctor
Supliguicha Torres, Martha
Vasquez Procel, Xavier
Añez, Roberto J.
Rojas, Joselyn
Bermúdez, Valmore
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Cooperativa servicios y suministros 212518 RS
Resumen
Introducción: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un factor
de riesgo modificable para la presencia de enfermedades
vasculares, cardiacas y renales, con importantes repercusiones
en la salud pública mundial. Los datos epidemiológicos
de esta patología en poblaciones rurales de Ecuador
son limitados, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue
evaluar la prevalencia y factores asociados a HTA en la
población rural de Quingeo, Ecuador.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico,
transversal, con muestreo aleatorio multietápico que incluyó
530 individuos mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos,
a quienes se les aplicó una historia clínica completa.
La presión arterial se clasificó según los criterios de la
JNC7. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística para
determinar los factores asociados a HTA.
Resultados: La prevalencia de HTA fue de 16,2% (n=86),
siendo para las mujeres de 16,3% (n=51) y para los hombres
de 16,1% (n=35). A su vez, la edad mostró asociación
con la prevalencia de HTA (χ2=4,276; p<0,001), con
porcentajes más altos a mayor grupo etario. Los principales
factores asociados a la HTA fueron ser adulto medio
(OR=3,41; IC95%:1,73-6,09; p<0,001), adulto mayor
(OR=4,98; IC 95%:2,24-10,09; p<0,001), consumo de
alcohol (OR=2,56; IC95%:1,02-6,44; p=0,044), estado
civil divorciado (OR=5,16; IC95%:1,53-17,44; p=0,008)
y la actividad física alta en la esfera de ocio (OR=0,20;
IC95%:0,08-0,94; p=0,040).
Conclusión: Existe una baja prevalencia de HTA en la población
rural de Quingeo en comparación a otras latitudes.
La edad, el estado civil divorciado, el consumo de
alcohol y la actividad física alta en la esfera de ocio fueron
los principales factores asociados a HTA, siendo necesario
políticas en salud que disminuya su impacto en la población
y la promoción de estilo de vida beneficioso.
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is a modifiable risk factor for the presence of vascular, cardiac and renal diseases, with important repercussions in the global public health. Epidemiological data of this pathology on rural populations in Ecuador are limited, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with HT in the rural population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with multi-stage random sampling was conducted in 530 individuals over 18 years old of both sexes, who were applied a complete medical history. Blood pressure was classified according to JNC7 criteria. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine associated factors with HT. Results: The prevalence of HT was 16.2% (n=86), 16.3% (n= 51) in women and 16.1% (n= 35) in men. At the same time, age was associated with the prevalence of HT (χ2= 4.276; p<0.001), with higher percentages to older adults. The main associated factors with HT were the middle-age adults (OR= 3.41; 95%CI= 1.73-6.09, p<0.001), older adult (OR= 4.98; 95%CI: 2.24-10.09; p<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR= 2.56; 95%CI: 1.02-6.44, p=0.044), divorced civil status (OR=5.16; IC95%:1.53-17.44, p=0.008) and high level of leisure time physical activity (OR= 0.20; 95%CI:0.08-0.94, p=0.040). Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of HT in the rural population of Quingeo compared to other latitudes. Aging, divorced marital status, alcohol consumption and high physical activity in leisure-time were the main associated factors with HT, being necessary policies in health that diminish their impact on the population and promotion a beneficial lifestyle.
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is a modifiable risk factor for the presence of vascular, cardiac and renal diseases, with important repercussions in the global public health. Epidemiological data of this pathology on rural populations in Ecuador are limited, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with HT in the rural population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with multi-stage random sampling was conducted in 530 individuals over 18 years old of both sexes, who were applied a complete medical history. Blood pressure was classified according to JNC7 criteria. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine associated factors with HT. Results: The prevalence of HT was 16.2% (n=86), 16.3% (n= 51) in women and 16.1% (n= 35) in men. At the same time, age was associated with the prevalence of HT (χ2= 4.276; p<0.001), with higher percentages to older adults. The main associated factors with HT were the middle-age adults (OR= 3.41; 95%CI= 1.73-6.09, p<0.001), older adult (OR= 4.98; 95%CI: 2.24-10.09; p<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR= 2.56; 95%CI: 1.02-6.44, p=0.044), divorced civil status (OR=5.16; IC95%:1.53-17.44, p=0.008) and high level of leisure time physical activity (OR= 0.20; 95%CI:0.08-0.94, p=0.040). Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of HT in the rural population of Quingeo compared to other latitudes. Aging, divorced marital status, alcohol consumption and high physical activity in leisure-time were the main associated factors with HT, being necessary policies in health that diminish their impact on the population and promotion a beneficial lifestyle.
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Palabras clave
Hipertensión arterial, Factores de riesgo, Grupos etarios, Actividad física, Arterial hypertension, Risk factors, Age, Physical activity