Abordaje psicológico desde el modelo cognitivo conductual a partir de un caso en adulta joven con trastorno bipolar II en comorbilidad con trastorno por consumo de sustancias
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Cantillo Coronado, Adriana S.
Pérez Parra, Carmen J.
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Trastorno Bipolar (TB) y el Trastorno por Uso de Sustancias (TUS) hacen relación a patologías con características particulares y de gran prevalencia en la población a nivel general. Estos diagnósticos tienen además gran relación y frecuencia entre ambos, haciendo referencia a lo que se conoce como patología dual. Esto sugiere un reto desde la práctica clínica, tanto del diagnóstico como el área terapéutica. Por tanto, el presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo describir un abordaje psicológico desde el modelo cognitivo conductual a partir de un caso en adulta joven con Trastorno Bipolar II en comorbilidad con consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Durante el proceso se logró realizar una intervención psicoterapéutica de 5 sesiones, implementado técnicas y estrategias como la entrevista semiestructurada, observación clínica, psicoeducación y la aplicación de instrumentos y pruebas psicológicas tales como el Inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI, BDI-II), La escala de Desesperanza de Beck, la Escala de valoración del estado de ánimo EVEA, el Cuestionario de Trastornos del Humor (MDQ) y la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt BIS-11. Que permitieron identificar la problemática actual y el diagnóstico asociado. Para el presente trabajo se detallarán todos los datos relacionados a la consulta inicial de la paciente, la identificación de las problemáticas clínicas que causan malestar en la usuaria, el análisis descriptivo de las mismas. También se ilustrará un análisis funcional de las conductas problemas, así como todos los aspectos que hacen parte de la historia personal y familiar de la paciente en sus diferentes áreas y contextos. A partir de lo anterior, se pudo establecer una hipótesis diagnóstica, así como una detallada descripción de los distintos factores de desarrollo, de adquisición, de mantenimiento, precipitantes y/o desencadenantes que exacerban y mantienen la problemática actual.
Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are related to pathologies with particular characteristics and high prevalence in the general population. These diagnoses also have a great relationship and frequency between them, making reference to what is known as dual pathology. This suggests a challenge for clinical practice, both in the diagnostic and therapeutic areas. Therefore, the present case study aims to describe a psychological approach from the cognitive-behavioral model based on a case of a young adult with Bipolar II Disorder in comorbidity with psychoactive substance use. During the process a psychotherapeutic intervention of 5 sessions was carried out, implementing techniques and strategies such as semi-structured interview, clinical observation, psychoeducation and the application of psychological instruments and tests such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the EVEA Mood Rating Scale, the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale BIS-11. These allowed the identification of the current problem and the associated diagnosis. For the present work all the data related to the initial consultation of the patient, the identification of the clinical problems that cause discomfort in the user, the descriptive analysis of them will be detailed. A functional analysis of the problem behaviors will also be illustrated, as well as all the aspects that are part of the personal and family history of the patient in her different areas and contexts. From the above, it was possible to establish a diagnostic hypothesis, as well as a detailed description of the different factors of development, acquisition, maintenance, precipitating and/or triggering factors that exacerbate and maintain the current problem.
Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are related to pathologies with particular characteristics and high prevalence in the general population. These diagnoses also have a great relationship and frequency between them, making reference to what is known as dual pathology. This suggests a challenge for clinical practice, both in the diagnostic and therapeutic areas. Therefore, the present case study aims to describe a psychological approach from the cognitive-behavioral model based on a case of a young adult with Bipolar II Disorder in comorbidity with psychoactive substance use. During the process a psychotherapeutic intervention of 5 sessions was carried out, implementing techniques and strategies such as semi-structured interview, clinical observation, psychoeducation and the application of psychological instruments and tests such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the EVEA Mood Rating Scale, the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale BIS-11. These allowed the identification of the current problem and the associated diagnosis. For the present work all the data related to the initial consultation of the patient, the identification of the clinical problems that cause discomfort in the user, the descriptive analysis of them will be detailed. A functional analysis of the problem behaviors will also be illustrated, as well as all the aspects that are part of the personal and family history of the patient in her different areas and contexts. From the above, it was possible to establish a diagnostic hypothesis, as well as a detailed description of the different factors of development, acquisition, maintenance, precipitating and/or triggering factors that exacerbate and maintain the current problem.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno bipolar, Trastorno por uso de sustancias, Modelo cognitivo conductual, Intervención, Estudio de caso, Bipolar disorder, Substance use disorder, Cognitive behavioral model, Intervention, Case study