Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias resistentes al mercurio en sedimentos de la ciénaga de Mallorquín, Atlántico, Colombia
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Bravo Ortiz, Valentina
Consuegra Padilla, Natalia Carolina
Robledo Meza, Alfredo de Jesús
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La contaminación con metales pesados son una de las problemáticas ambientales que más afectan a los ecosistemas acuáticos, uno de los factores que influyen en esto son las prácticas industriales y mineras que arrojan los metales pesados como desechos a los afluentes y que pueden ocasionar la muerte de la flora, fauna, diversidad microbiana e incluso a los habitantes que rodean esta zona, causando afectaciones en órganos o tejidos e incluso cáncer. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la presencia de bacterias tolerantes al mercurio en muestras de sedimentos en la Ciénaga de Mallorquín ubicada en el Departamento del Atlántico, Colombia con potencial para una futura biorremediación de este ecosistema. Las muestras de sedimentos fueron tomadas de 4 puntos de la ciénaga, a partir de las cuales se realizaron cultivos para el aislamiento de bacterias. A los aislados bacterianos se les realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad al mercurio en su forma de sal (HgCl) con concentraciones de 0,01 mM, 0,05 mM, 0,1 mM, 0,25 mM 0,50 mM y 0,75 mM. Las cepa 003 Micrococcus aloeverae y 008 Halobacillus dabanensis fueron las que tuvieron mayor tolerancia al crecer a concentraciones de 0,5 mM. Por último, el aislamiento de bacterias que resisten altas concentraciones de Hg abre la posibilidad en un futuro de biorremediar los ecosistemas contaminados con este metal pesado
Heavy metals are one of the environmental problems that most affect lagoon ecosystems, this is caused by industrial and mining practices that throw heavy metals as waste into tributaries and that can cause the death of flora and fauna, causing damage to organs or tissues and even cancer. The objective of this research is to determine the presence of mercury-tolerant bacteria in sediment samples in the Majorcan swamp located in the Department of Atlántico, Colombia with potential for future bioremediation of this ecosystem. The sediment samples were taken from 4 points of the swamp, from which cultures were made for the isolation of bacteria; Bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to mercury in its salt form (HgCl) with concentrations of 0.01 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM and 0.75 mM. Strain 003 Micrococcus aloeverae and 008 Halobacillus dabanensis were the ones with the highest tolerance when growing at concentrations of 0.5 mM. Finally, the genetic identification of resistant bacteria was done using the 16S rRNA gene. The isolation of bacteria that resist high concentrations of Hg opens the possibility in the future of bioremediating ecosystems contaminated with this heavy metal.
Heavy metals are one of the environmental problems that most affect lagoon ecosystems, this is caused by industrial and mining practices that throw heavy metals as waste into tributaries and that can cause the death of flora and fauna, causing damage to organs or tissues and even cancer. The objective of this research is to determine the presence of mercury-tolerant bacteria in sediment samples in the Majorcan swamp located in the Department of Atlántico, Colombia with potential for future bioremediation of this ecosystem. The sediment samples were taken from 4 points of the swamp, from which cultures were made for the isolation of bacteria; Bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to mercury in its salt form (HgCl) with concentrations of 0.01 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM and 0.75 mM. Strain 003 Micrococcus aloeverae and 008 Halobacillus dabanensis were the ones with the highest tolerance when growing at concentrations of 0.5 mM. Finally, the genetic identification of resistant bacteria was done using the 16S rRNA gene. The isolation of bacteria that resist high concentrations of Hg opens the possibility in the future of bioremediating ecosystems contaminated with this heavy metal.
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Palabras clave
Contaminación de agua, Laguna, Metales pesados, Resistencia bacteriana., Bacterial resistance, Heavy metals, Lagoon, Pollutants, Water contamination