Elementos del delito a la luz de los principios en la constitución política colombiana de 1991
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Field Segura, Henry
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El ejercicio del poder político en un Estado Social de Derecho implica que todas las instituciones y sus actuaciones deben estar legitimada en la Constitución, y dado que la naturaleza de ésta es anterior a todo lo que conforma Estado, la supremacía surte como una de sus características más relevantes, constituyéndose en sí misma en norma de normas. De esto se desprende, que el marco jurídico como institución estatal se legitima en la Constitución, por tanto, el derecho penal, como parte del conjunto normativo, permite al Estado en función de poder punitivo, regular y establecer qué conductas son consideradas como delitos y qué sanciones conllevan la comisión de estas, no obstante, en calidad de garante
de los derechos fundamentales, el Estado a través de los operadores jurídicos debe velar para que en cada estadio procesal se respete esas garantías constitucionales a todos y cada uno de los intervinientes dentro del proceso penal.
En lo que respecta a este escrito, se analizara cada uno los elementos constitutivos del delito, a la luz de la Constitución Política de Colombia, considerando que en virtud del proceso penal se pone en vilo uno de los derechos fundamentales más preciados, la libertad, siendo determinante definir la responsabilidad penal del infractor para justificar y legitimar la restricción de sus derechos y libertades.
The exercise of political power in a Social State of Law implies that all the institutions and their actions must be legitimized in the Constitution, and as its nature is prior to everything that constitutes the State, supremacy is one of its characteristics more relevant, becoming itself a norm of norms. Therefore, the legal framework as a state institution is legitimized in the Constitution, and criminal laws, as part of the normative set, allows the State in matters of punitive power, to regulate and establish what conducts are considered crimes and what are the fines that derived from the commission of these. However, as a guarantee of fundamental rights, the State, through legal operators, must ensure that in every procedural stage there are constitutional guarantees respected for each one of the parties involved in the criminal process. In this document, each of the defined elements constituting a crime will be analyzed, within the framework of the Political Constitution of Colombia, considering that by virtue of the criminal process, one of the most precious fundamental right, freedom, is suspended. Being decisive, to define the criminal responsibility of the offender so that the restriction of his rights and freedoms is justified and legitimized.
The exercise of political power in a Social State of Law implies that all the institutions and their actions must be legitimized in the Constitution, and as its nature is prior to everything that constitutes the State, supremacy is one of its characteristics more relevant, becoming itself a norm of norms. Therefore, the legal framework as a state institution is legitimized in the Constitution, and criminal laws, as part of the normative set, allows the State in matters of punitive power, to regulate and establish what conducts are considered crimes and what are the fines that derived from the commission of these. However, as a guarantee of fundamental rights, the State, through legal operators, must ensure that in every procedural stage there are constitutional guarantees respected for each one of the parties involved in the criminal process. In this document, each of the defined elements constituting a crime will be analyzed, within the framework of the Political Constitution of Colombia, considering that by virtue of the criminal process, one of the most precious fundamental right, freedom, is suspended. Being decisive, to define the criminal responsibility of the offender so that the restriction of his rights and freedoms is justified and legitimized.
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Palabras clave
Constitución, legitimidad, Derechos fundamentales, Delito, Responsabilidad, Constitution, legitimacy, Fundamental rights, Crime, Responsibility