Prevalencia de Sarcopenia en las personas mayores no institucionalizadas residentes en dos localidades de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Arregoces, Yojanis
Cardona, Keila
Rodríguez, Carlos
Uhia, María Laura
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción
La sarcopenia es un trastorno progresivo del músculo esquelético que se asocia con caídas, fracturas, discapacidad física y mortalidad en personas mayores. Debido al envejecimiento de la población, es necesario investigar su prevalencia y factores asociados. La sarcopenia se define como la pérdida de masa muscular y función motora, y se detecta principalmente entre los 40 y 60 años. La prevalencia varía
según la edad, siendo del 5 al 13% entre los 60 y 70 años, y del 11 al 50% en mayores de 80 años.
Objetivo
Determinar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en las personas mayores no institucionalizadas residentes en dos localidades de Barranquilla.
Materiales y método
El estudio se desarrolla bajo el paradigma cuantitativo y es de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. La población objetivo son 167,993 adultos mayores de 60 años en Barranquilla, con una muestra de 322 personas. La muestra se obtiene de forma no probabilística y por conveniencia a través de contactos de estudiantes de fisioterapia y sus amigos. Se utilizan encuestas como fuente de información primaria y se aplican instrumentos como el cuestionario SARC-F y la circunferencia de pantorrilla para determinar sarcopenia. Los datos se tabulan y procesan en Excel y se analizan con SPSS. Se utilizan medidas éticas para proteger a los participantes.
Resultados
Según los resultados en la población general es más frecuente el sexo femenino con 50,4%, la edad de mayor frecuencia es el rango entre 60-69 años con 59,3%, en el estado civil las personas con pareja con 63,7% y el estrato social más frecuente fue el alto con el 79,6%, el grado de escolaridad las personas que solo cursaron primaria con 46,9% y en el IMC es más frecuente el normo peso en personas mayores con el 77%
En relación a los resultados obtenidos mediante el cuestionario SARC-F, se observa que la mayoría de las personas no presenta dificultades en cuanto a fuerza y movilidad. El 63,7% no tiene dificultad para cargar 4,5 kg, el 85,8% no tiene dificultad para cruzar caminando un cuarto, el 79,6% no tiene dificultad para levantarse de una silla o cama, el 50,4% no tiene dificultad para subir escalones y el 79,6% no ha sufrido caídas.
La prevalencia de sarcopenia, según los resultados obtenidos mediante el cuestionario SARC-F, es del 14,2%. Por otro lado, utilizando el perímetro de pantorrilla como indicador, la prevalencia de sarcopenia es del 48,7%.
Analizando los datos presentados, se encontró una relación significativa entre la sarcopenia y la edad y el sexo (p<0,05). Sin embargo, las demás variables estudiadas no mostraron una relación significativa con la presencia de sarcopenia.
Conclusiones
En conclusión, la sarcopenia es un trastorno común en personas mayores, especialmente en mujeres y en aquellos de 60-69 años. tiene un impacto
significativo en la fuerza y la movilidad. Es importante mejorar la información y la conciencia sobre la sarcopenia, así como implementar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores afectadas por esta condición.
Introduction Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality in older people. Due to the aging of the population, it is necessary to investigate its prevalence and associated factors. Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and motor function, and is mainly detected between the ages of 40 and 60. The prevalence varies according to age, being 5 to 13% between 60 and 70 years of age, and 11 to 50% in those over 80 years of age. Objective To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in non-institutionalized older people residing in two towns in Barranquilla. Materials and method The study is developed under the quantitative paradigm and is descriptive and cross-sectional. The target population is 167,993 adults over 60 years of age in Barranquilla, with a sample of 322 people. The sample is obtained in a non-probabilistic way and by convenience through contacts of physiotherapy students and their friends. Surveys are used as a primary source of information and instruments such as the SARC-F questionnaire and calf circumference are applied to determine sarcopenia. The data is tabulated and processed in Excel and analyzed with SPSS. Ethical measures are used to protect participants. Results According to the results in the general population, the female sex is more frequent with 50.4%, the most frequent age is the range between 60-69 years with 59.3%, in marital status people with a partner with 63.7 % and the most frequent social stratum was tall with 79.6%, the level of education was people who only attended primary school with 46.9% and in BMI, normal weight is more common in older people with 77%. In relation to the results obtained through the SARC-F questionnaire, it is observed that the majority of people do not present difficulties in terms of strength and mobility. 63.7% have no difficulty carrying 4.5 kg, 85.8% have no difficulty walking across a room, 79.6% have no difficulty getting up from a chair or bed, 50.4% They have no difficulty climbing stairs and 79.6% have not suffered falls. The prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the results obtained through the SARC-F questionnaire, is 14.2%. On the other hand, using the calf circumference as an indicator, the prevalence of sarcopenia is 48.7%. Analyzing the data presented, a significant relationship was found between sarcopenia and age and sex (p<0.05). However, the other variables studied did not show a significant relationship with the presence of sarcopenia. Conclusions In conclusion, sarcopenia is a common disorder in older people, especially women and those aged 60-69 years. It has a significant impact on strength and mobility. It is important to improve information and awareness about sarcopenia, as well as implement prevention and treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of older people affected by this condition.
Introduction Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality in older people. Due to the aging of the population, it is necessary to investigate its prevalence and associated factors. Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and motor function, and is mainly detected between the ages of 40 and 60. The prevalence varies according to age, being 5 to 13% between 60 and 70 years of age, and 11 to 50% in those over 80 years of age. Objective To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in non-institutionalized older people residing in two towns in Barranquilla. Materials and method The study is developed under the quantitative paradigm and is descriptive and cross-sectional. The target population is 167,993 adults over 60 years of age in Barranquilla, with a sample of 322 people. The sample is obtained in a non-probabilistic way and by convenience through contacts of physiotherapy students and their friends. Surveys are used as a primary source of information and instruments such as the SARC-F questionnaire and calf circumference are applied to determine sarcopenia. The data is tabulated and processed in Excel and analyzed with SPSS. Ethical measures are used to protect participants. Results According to the results in the general population, the female sex is more frequent with 50.4%, the most frequent age is the range between 60-69 years with 59.3%, in marital status people with a partner with 63.7 % and the most frequent social stratum was tall with 79.6%, the level of education was people who only attended primary school with 46.9% and in BMI, normal weight is more common in older people with 77%. In relation to the results obtained through the SARC-F questionnaire, it is observed that the majority of people do not present difficulties in terms of strength and mobility. 63.7% have no difficulty carrying 4.5 kg, 85.8% have no difficulty walking across a room, 79.6% have no difficulty getting up from a chair or bed, 50.4% They have no difficulty climbing stairs and 79.6% have not suffered falls. The prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the results obtained through the SARC-F questionnaire, is 14.2%. On the other hand, using the calf circumference as an indicator, the prevalence of sarcopenia is 48.7%. Analyzing the data presented, a significant relationship was found between sarcopenia and age and sex (p<0.05). However, the other variables studied did not show a significant relationship with the presence of sarcopenia. Conclusions In conclusion, sarcopenia is a common disorder in older people, especially women and those aged 60-69 years. It has a significant impact on strength and mobility. It is important to improve information and awareness about sarcopenia, as well as implement prevention and treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of older people affected by this condition.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sarcopenia, Riesgo, Envejecimiento, Fuerza, Músculos
