Cambios en la agudeza visual en pacientes con extracción de catarata por facoemulsificación e implante de lente intraocular en una clínica oftalmológica nivel II de complejidad de la ciudad de Barranquilla octubre de 2019 y mayo 2023
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Faciolince de la Espriella, Felipe
Ramírez Villarreal, Paola Alejandra
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La cirugía de cataratas mediante facoemulsificación es un procedimiento común en oftalmología, diseñado para mejorar la agudeza visual en pacientes con cataratas. Este estudio analiza los cambios en la agudeza visual de pacientes sometidos a esta cirugía en una clínica oftalmológica en Barranquilla, Colombia, entre octubre de 2019 y mayo de 2023. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar los cambios en la agudeza visual en pacientes con extracción de catarata mediante facoemulsificación e implante de lente intraocular. Se busca evaluar las características anatómicas y funcionales de los ojos antes y después de la cirugía, analizando variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Metodología: El estudio es de tipo observacional retrospectivo con análisis pre y post intervención. Los datos fueron obtenidos de historias clínicas de pacientes que se sometieron a la cirugía en la clínica oftalmológica mencionada. La población del estudio consistió en 139 pacientes diagnosticados con catarata y candidatos a cirugía de facoemulsificación con implante de lente intraocular. La muestra se seleccionó de manera no probabilística por conveniencia, considerando pacientes de entre 45 y 80 años con córneas sanas y sin patologías corneales o glaucoma. Resultados: La muestra final consistió en 83 ojos de pacientes de ambos sexos. La distribución etaria mostró un 26.5% de pacientes entre 45 y 60 años, y un 73.5% entre 61 y 80 años. Los resultados indicaron una mejora significativa en la agudeza visual postoperatoria en comparación con la agudeza visual preoperatoria. La mayoría de los pacientes experimentaron una reducción notable en los defectos refractivos tras la cirugía, lo que se tradujo en una mejor calidad de vida. El estudio también identificó varios factores asociados con los resultados de la cirugía. La edad y el estado general de salud de los pacientes influyeron en los resultados postoperatorios. Además, el uso de tecnologías avanzadas y técnicas quirúrgicas innovadoras contribuyó a mejorar los resultados y reducir las complicaciones. Discusión: Este estudio corrobora los hallazgos de investigaciones anteriores que indican que la facoemulsificación es un método eficaz para mejorar la agudeza visual en pacientes con cataratas. Estudios como el de Toyama et al. (2018) y He et al. (2020) también reportaron mejoras significativas en la agudeza visual tras la cirugía de cataratas. La mejora en la agudeza visual tiene importantes implicaciones para la calidad de vida de los pacientes, permitiéndoles recuperar la independencia y realizar actividades cotidianas sin dificultades visuales. La implementación de técnicas avanzadas y la capacitación continua del personal de salud son cruciales para optimizar los resultados quirúrgicos. El análisis de costos y beneficios mostró que, aunque la inversión inicial en tecnología avanzada puede ser alta, los beneficios a largo plazo en términos de mejores resultados quirúrgicos y menor necesidad de ajustes postoperatorios justifican los costos. Esto sugiere que las instituciones de salud deberían considerar la adopción de estas tecnologías para mejorar los estándares de calidad. Conclusiones El estudio concluye que la cirugía de facoemulsificación con implante de lente intraocular es altamente efectiva para mejorar la agudeza visual en pacientes con cataratas. La implementación de técnicas avanzadas y la capacitación continua del personal son esenciales para optimizar los resultados. Además, la inversión en tecnologías avanzadas se justifica por los beneficios a largo plazo en la salud visual de los pacientes. Recomendaciones Se recomienda continuar investigando en este campo para seguir mejorando las técnicas quirúrgicas y la tecnología utilizada en la cirugía de cataratas. Además, se sugiere realizar estudios a largo plazo para evaluar los efectos duraderos de estas intervenciones en la agudeza visual y la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Introduction: Cataract surgery via phacoemulsification is a common procedure in ophthalmology, designed to improve visual acuity in patients with cataracts. This study analyzes the changes in visual acuity of patients who underwent this surgery at an ophthalmology clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia, between October 2019 and May 2023. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the changes in visual acuity in patients undergoing cataract extraction via phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. It aims to evaluate the anatomical and functional characteristics of the eyes before and after surgery, analyzing sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methodology: The study is a retrospective observational type with pre- and postintervention analysis. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent surgery at the mentioned ophthalmology clinic. The study population consisted of 139 patients diagnosed with cataracts and candidates for phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation. The sample was selected non-probabilistically for convenience, considering patients between 45 and 80 years old with healthy corneas and no corneal pathologies or glaucoma. Results: The final sample consisted of 83 eyes from patients of both sexes. The age distribution showed that 26.5% of patients were between 45 and 60 years old, and 73.5% were between 61 and 80 years old. The results indicated a significant improvement in postoperative visual acuity compared to preoperative visual acuity. Most patients experienced a notable reduction in refractive defects after surgery, translating to an improved quality of life. The study also identified several factors associated with surgical outcomes. The age and general health status of patients influenced postoperative results. Additionally, the use of advanced technologies and innovative surgical techniques contributed to better outcomes and reduced complications. Discussion: This study corroborates the findings of previous research indicating that phacoemulsification is an effective method for improving visual acuity in patients with cataracts. Studies such as those by Toyama et al. (2018) and He et al. (2020) also reported significant improvements in visual acuity following cataract surgery. Improved visual acuity has important implications for patients' quality of life, enabling them to regain independence and perform daily activities without visual difficulties. The implementation of advanced techniques and continuous training of healthcare personnel are crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes. The cost-benefit análisis showed that although the initial investment in advanced technology may be high, the long-term benefits in terms of better surgical outcomes and reduced need for postoperative adjustments justify the costs. This suggests that healthcare institutions should consider adopting these technologies to improve quality standards. Conclusions: The study concludes that phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation is highly effective in improving visual acuity in patients with cataracts. The implementation of advanced techniques and continuous training of personnel are essential for optimizing results. Furthermore, investment in advanced technologies is justified by the long-term benefits in patients' visual health. Recommendations: It is recommended to continue research in this field to further improve surgical techniques and the technology used in cataract surgery. Additionally, long-term studies should be conducted to evaluate the lasting effects of these interventions on visual acuity and patients' quality of life.
Introduction: Cataract surgery via phacoemulsification is a common procedure in ophthalmology, designed to improve visual acuity in patients with cataracts. This study analyzes the changes in visual acuity of patients who underwent this surgery at an ophthalmology clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia, between October 2019 and May 2023. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the changes in visual acuity in patients undergoing cataract extraction via phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. It aims to evaluate the anatomical and functional characteristics of the eyes before and after surgery, analyzing sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methodology: The study is a retrospective observational type with pre- and postintervention analysis. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent surgery at the mentioned ophthalmology clinic. The study population consisted of 139 patients diagnosed with cataracts and candidates for phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation. The sample was selected non-probabilistically for convenience, considering patients between 45 and 80 years old with healthy corneas and no corneal pathologies or glaucoma. Results: The final sample consisted of 83 eyes from patients of both sexes. The age distribution showed that 26.5% of patients were between 45 and 60 years old, and 73.5% were between 61 and 80 years old. The results indicated a significant improvement in postoperative visual acuity compared to preoperative visual acuity. Most patients experienced a notable reduction in refractive defects after surgery, translating to an improved quality of life. The study also identified several factors associated with surgical outcomes. The age and general health status of patients influenced postoperative results. Additionally, the use of advanced technologies and innovative surgical techniques contributed to better outcomes and reduced complications. Discussion: This study corroborates the findings of previous research indicating that phacoemulsification is an effective method for improving visual acuity in patients with cataracts. Studies such as those by Toyama et al. (2018) and He et al. (2020) also reported significant improvements in visual acuity following cataract surgery. Improved visual acuity has important implications for patients' quality of life, enabling them to regain independence and perform daily activities without visual difficulties. The implementation of advanced techniques and continuous training of healthcare personnel are crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes. The cost-benefit análisis showed that although the initial investment in advanced technology may be high, the long-term benefits in terms of better surgical outcomes and reduced need for postoperative adjustments justify the costs. This suggests that healthcare institutions should consider adopting these technologies to improve quality standards. Conclusions: The study concludes that phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation is highly effective in improving visual acuity in patients with cataracts. The implementation of advanced techniques and continuous training of personnel are essential for optimizing results. Furthermore, investment in advanced technologies is justified by the long-term benefits in patients' visual health. Recommendations: It is recommended to continue research in this field to further improve surgical techniques and the technology used in cataract surgery. Additionally, long-term studies should be conducted to evaluate the lasting effects of these interventions on visual acuity and patients' quality of life.
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Palabras clave
Cataratas, Facoemulsificación, Implante de lente intraocular, Agudeza visual