La interculturalidad: currículo y praxis docente en la institución etnoeducativa e internado Zharneka, pueblo Wiwa
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Merchán Maestre, Gary Ilich
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene su locus de enunciación en territorio ancestral Wiwa, comunidad asentada en la parte baja de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, jurisdicción del Municipio de San Juan del Cesar. Se constituye como apuesta y respuesta transformadora del tejido curricular y la praxis docente en la Institución Etnoeducativa e Internado Zharneka. En el entretejido problémico denominado "memoria e interferencias se realiza un barrido histórico que recoge postulados esenciales de la interculturalidad y la educación intercultural situándose finalmente en las interferencias y memorias del pueblo Wiwa. Además, se plantean las preguntas y objetivos de investigación, en conjunto con la justificación titulada "Volver al Vientre: Tejer Desde el Origen". El abordaje teórico se desarrolla en el marco de tres categorías que son: la interculturalidad, el currículo y la praxis docente, donde confluyen voces de actores comunitarios promovidas por diálogos que permiten abrir espacios a los sabios y sabias para contar historias, conectar con el cosmos y orientar los caminos de la escuela, los antecedentes contextuales ofrecen un recorrido documental universal, facilitando la revisión de diversas normativas y destacando los vacíos significativos que prevalecen en nuestro país respecto a la educación de los pueblos indígenas. La metodología propuesta se titula: “Gawama – Investigación Acción Educativa (IAE). Entretejiendo una Método- Sabiduría”, se presenta como una pieza clave de esta experiencia y despliega una estructura metodológica inspirada en el arte del tejido. Esta metodología se describe
detalladamente mediante analogías con los movimientos espirales utilizados en la confección de una mochila tradicional, simbolizando un proceso de investigación con movimientos en espiral, se permeada por los principios pedagógicos de la Madre Tierra (el silencio, la escucha, la observación, el tejido, la palabra dulce y el corazón bueno), dando origen a un proceso de participación, construcción colectiva, contextualizada y situada. Los resultados de la investigación ofrecen una descripción detallada de cada uno de los espacios de diálogo y las participaciones de los actores principales involucrados en este estudio. Se presentan también las conclusiones y reflexiones, las cuales han sido construidas de manera colectiva, reflejando un proceso inclusivo y participativo.
This research finds its locus of enunciation in the ancestral Wiwa territory, a community settled in the lower part of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of San Juan del Cesar. It constitutes a transformative proposal and response to the curricular fabric and teaching praxis at the Zharneka Indigenous Educational Institution and Boarding School. Within the problematic weave entitled "Memory and Interferences," a historical review is conducted that gathers essential principles of interculturality and intercultural education, ultimately situating itself in the interferences and memories of the Wiwa people. Additionally, the research questions and objectives are presented, along with the justification entitled "Return to the Womb: Weaving from the Origin." The theoretical framework is developed around three categories: interculturality, curriculum, and teaching praxis, where the voices of community actors converge, fostered by dialogues that create spaces for wise men and women to share stories, connect with the cosmos, and guide the school’s path. Contextual background offers a universal documentary overview, facilitating the review of various regulations and highlighting significant gaps that persist in our country regarding indigenous education. The proposed methodology is titled: "Gawama - Educational Action Research (EAR): Weaving a Method-Wisdom," presented as a key element of this experience and unfolds a methodological structure inspired by the art of weaving. This methodology is described in detail through analogies with the spiral movements used in crafting a traditional mochila (bag), symbolizing a spiral research process, permeated by the pedagogical principles of Mother Earth (silence, listening, observation, weaving, sweet words, and a good heart), giving rise to a process of participation, collective construction, contextualized and situated. The research results offer a detailed description of each dialogue space and the participations of the main actors involved in this study. Conclusions and reflections are also presented, collectively constructed, reflecting an inclusive and participatory process.
This research finds its locus of enunciation in the ancestral Wiwa territory, a community settled in the lower part of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of San Juan del Cesar. It constitutes a transformative proposal and response to the curricular fabric and teaching praxis at the Zharneka Indigenous Educational Institution and Boarding School. Within the problematic weave entitled "Memory and Interferences," a historical review is conducted that gathers essential principles of interculturality and intercultural education, ultimately situating itself in the interferences and memories of the Wiwa people. Additionally, the research questions and objectives are presented, along with the justification entitled "Return to the Womb: Weaving from the Origin." The theoretical framework is developed around three categories: interculturality, curriculum, and teaching praxis, where the voices of community actors converge, fostered by dialogues that create spaces for wise men and women to share stories, connect with the cosmos, and guide the school’s path. Contextual background offers a universal documentary overview, facilitating the review of various regulations and highlighting significant gaps that persist in our country regarding indigenous education. The proposed methodology is titled: "Gawama - Educational Action Research (EAR): Weaving a Method-Wisdom," presented as a key element of this experience and unfolds a methodological structure inspired by the art of weaving. This methodology is described in detail through analogies with the spiral movements used in crafting a traditional mochila (bag), symbolizing a spiral research process, permeated by the pedagogical principles of Mother Earth (silence, listening, observation, weaving, sweet words, and a good heart), giving rise to a process of participation, collective construction, contextualized and situated. The research results offer a detailed description of each dialogue space and the participations of the main actors involved in this study. Conclusions and reflections are also presented, collectively constructed, reflecting an inclusive and participatory process.
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Palabras clave
Interculturalidad, Currículo, Praxis docente, Prácticas y saberes ancestrales
